The Wreck of the Batavia essays

The Wreck of the Batavia papers On October 28 1628 the Batavia set sail from Texel in the Netherlands on her lady excursion to Batavia, presently called Jakarta, in the Dutch Colonies of Indonesia. Seven different boats of different sizes went with her. Francesco Pelsaert, a senior trader, instructed the Batavia. The captain of the boat was Ariaen Jacobsz and he didn't favor of having a vendor telling the leader. These two men were old adversaries from a past excursion. It took eight months to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope and the Batavia showed up with just two different boats since terrible climate had separated the guard. Once there the captain wound up in a battle on board one of different boats. The captain was freely embarrassed by Pelsaert, which made Jacobsz disdain the commodore significantly more. Not long after this, Jeronimus Cornelius, the captains new buddy, proposed uprising to the Skipper. The arrangement was, with a bunch of Corneliuss and Jacobszs confided in men, it is conceivable to hold onto the boat, execute the fighters, toss Pelsaert over the edge and take the boat and its abundance. Before the rebellion could occur the Batavia steered into the rocks on the Houtman Abrolhos, an Archipelago of the shore of Western Australia. Around forty individuals passed on and the lay were stacked on to close by islands. Pelsaert and Jacobsz realized they were in a tough situation and took the boats two vessels and set sail for Batavia to discover help. The individuals abandoned had no water and scarcely any food, despite the fact that the water was renewed from downpour about seven days after the fact. Presently the travelers and team were left on the island with as a matter of fact Jeronimus Cornelius and his double-crossers. Jeronimus, things being what they are, was really a crazy executioner truly ready to control individuals. Cornelius, being the most senior in order left, sent the officers to a close by island looking for water despite the fact that he was really trusting they would kick the bucket. Cornelius ensured they deserted their weapons. He additionally split the rest o ... <!

Product Reliability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Item Reliability - Essay Example The structure thought incorporates every one of those conditions important to be considered while fabricating the item. Its possibility, similarity, the expenses of segments, the support costs and different components that make a plan a triumph. Item achievement additionally depends on the example/pilot tests. Pilot tests help sparing enormous measure of costs which may be brought about on rectification and postponements in ventures. Expanding unwavering quality requires improved and proficient working, assets accessibility, gifted work and assembling plants and machines. Raheja et.al in their examination center around the apparatuses and methods that can help making a successful item with improved dependability. It likewise gives insights concerning how to dodge disappointments and poor items yields. Since the poor item creation is straightforwardly identified with the misfortune in deals, and client trust in the organization. Their examination reveals insight into the human wellbeing factor since the plans in overwhelming machine industry request human security from an ergonomic view point. Tooley et.al In their examination center around the potential glitches and snags that may stand up to the structure and assembling process. The job of reasonable crude material to be utilized and their conceivable effect on the general plan and finished result. Their examination additionally feature the significance of innovativeness and development in the item planning. Different plan items and crude materials will have various costs joined to them and would bring about various net yield toward the finish of whole item structure. Bernard et.al in their investigation center around the advanced methods for assembling and expanding the item unwavering quality. The worldwide techniques for plans have surely improved with time thus they have presented new ideas in the structuring scene that have more guarantee to them in respect of item dependability. At long last Pfeifer et.al in their examination feature the effect the material decision can have on

Building the Sustainable Organization-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Talk about the Business Model Innvation at BHP Billition and Business Model Innovation at Wesfarmers. Answer: Key Strategic Idea BHP Billiton is one of the market heads in their field of metal, mining and oil. The organization has followed a special structure and procedure in the most recent decade to increase upper hand in the market. BHP Billiton is biggest mining organization on the planet and this has been conceivable simply because of the utilization of advancement in the plan of action (Grant et al. 2014). The organization has kept its basic belief unblemished and it has delivered positive outcomes for them. BHP Billitons Strategy depends on expansion where the association attempts to work on minimal effort, long life, expandable resources. Wesfarmers have put resources into retail, coal mining, synthetic substances, mechanical items for wellbeing and manures. This shows the association has a broadened portfolio and the association can increase huge sum share in showcase because of the development they sue in their plan of action. Wesfarmers is probably the biggest organization in Australia and has had the option to hang available offer because of their utilization of advancement in the plan of action. Wesfarmers have a solid administration capacity, which causes them to define and execute methodologies (Biddle 2016). The organization screens everyday exercises to guarantee most extreme profitability in the entirety of their differentiated portfolios. Plan of action development at BHP Billiton The plan of action that has been built up by the organization helps in the advancement of the center skills and the simultaneously dexterities in the turn of events, assessment, selling and extraction of common assets. The matter of the association is resource serious and the accomplishment of the association is subject to the security, dependability and profitability of the tasks (Perrott 2015). The enhancements in the efficiency of the association with the assistance of one of a kind highlights are the purpose behind their colossal offer in the market. The size of activity of the organization is enormous which will limit the creation cost of the organization. The tasks of the organization is differentiated which comprises of products of different kinds which assists with supporting the dangers associated with the market. The organization likewise utilizes imaginative approaches to diminish the expense of the gracefully chain of the association. the organization utilizes straightfor ward coordinated measurements in an organized manner to make improvement in the profitability. The organization ceaselessly measure the exhibition to make further enhancements (Klettner, Clarke and Boersma 2014). The constant improvement in the way of life and the innovation in the association has helped the association to establish the framework for the development and creation. There are part of complexities related with the mining business however the organization has made use of the basic structure to screen the presentation. The plan of action is structured in such manner that it will help the association in all the components. In this way, all the basic exercises in the association is checked all the time to guarantee powerful utilization of assets. The gracefully chain of the association is viable and it acts a spine for the working model of the association. The gracefully chain of the association assists with smoothing out of the plan of action. The association utilizes a co ordinated framework for the executives which enables the association to track, measure and benchmark the exhibitions in to a solitary segment. The organization sues standard procedure and basic framework to step up duplication of the prescribed procedures (Chaston 2017). The organization spends a ton of capital on the innovative work of innovation. The consistent improvement in the innovation goes about as a significant impetus in the development in the efficiency of the association. The association in as yet scanning for independent approaches to diminish the expense and time engaged with the tasks. The organization is concentrating on progress in the innovation through development, which will assist the association with improving wellbeing, increment the yield and limit the expense of creation. Plan of action development at Wesfarmers Wesfarmers has an enhanced portfolio, which causes the association to fence the hazard engaged with the market. The utilization of huge information is one of the way to achievement of the association and they have enormous measure of information on client data, which gives significant bits of knowledge. The huge information examination of the information encourages the association to pick best area for their stores and gives direction in the showcasing effort of the organization. This has helped the association to increase upper hand in the market. Coles protection would one say one is of the divisions which isn't known by the association and it assumes a significant job in the development of the association (Sokolov Mladenovi? furthermore, ?uzovi? 2015). The organization utilizes serious showcasing technique to build the development and profitability of the association. Wesfarmers have made a ton of acquisitions which has made an incentive for the association. The fundamental explan ation of the achievement of the association is because of the broadened arrangement of the organization as it ready to fence the hazard in the market. The organization attempts to make use of advancement to break down the requirements and needs of the buyers. The organization utilizes huge information to distinguish the patterns in the market, which will assist the association with identifying the most mainstream items in the retail division. The organization has had the option to increase a greater part of offer in the market and continues utilizing long haul arranging as the premise of their system. Be that as it may, the plan of action of the association has been condemned seriously in view of the diminishing in the development of the association. Notwithstanding, the organization is utilizing a similar methodology and plan of action as it has full certainty that they will have the option to bob and recover the misfortune share in the market (Nwogugu 2016). The association utiliz es inventive structure to support the leaseback and offer of property with the goal that they can drive the arrival on capital. The development of the mining division is less however the deficiency is being canvassed by the development in the retail. This shows enhancement of the portfolio is one of the solid suits for the association. There are parcel of specialists who feel that the association needs to change their plan of action however the CEO of the organization has guarded their plan of action and will utilize a similar plan of action which has end up being effective for the association for such a large number of decades (Beech et al. 2017). References Beech, N., MacIntosh, R., Krust, P., Kannan, S. what's more, Dadich, A., 2017.Managing change. Cambridge University Press. Biddle, I., 2016. The Wesfarmers/Woolworths duopoly war: The Bunnings versus Bosses battle.Busidate,24(3), p.3. Chaston, I., 2017. Business enterprise. InTechnological Entrepreneurship(pp. 1-24). Springer International Publishing. Award, R., Butler, B., Orr, S. what's more, Murray, P.A., 2014.Contemporary key administration: An Australasian viewpoint. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd.. Klettner, A., Clarke, T. what's more, Boersma, M., 2014. The administration of corporate supportability: Empirical bits of knowledge into the turn of events, authority and usage of capable business strategy.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), pp.145-165. Nwogugu, M.C., 2016. Corporate Governance, Financial Stability and Evolving Insurtech: The Case of Insurance Australia Group (2011-2016). Perrott, B.E., 2015. Building the reasonable association: a coordinated approach.Journal of Business Strategy,36(1), pp.41-51. Sokolov Mladenovi?, S. what's more, ?uzovi?, ?., 2015. Diversifying AS THE MODEL OF Internationalization OF RETAILING.TEME: Casopis za Drutvene Nauke,39(1).

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

History - Essay Example Pappas (1) in his article upheld this case where he referenced that Americans will in general be quiet, reasonable and ameliorating. Such excellencies were imitated in them amidst debacles. Much the same as any nation, America had numerous challenges as well yet what made them extraordinary and had the option to stand is their self-restraint and reasonable activities. In spite of the fact that, they have assorted religion, Americans had lived up the ethics that are Godly guided since doing so is accepted to add to the genuine substance of satisfaction prompting a superior life (Slack, 454). Then again, worry for the others is additionally obvious in noble cause works kept up by Jane Addams in her time and had been embraced by noteworthy figures in the political field where they discover approaches to make themselves commonly supporting. The demonstration of giving is likewise communicated among the normal residents as a major aspect of their family or individual life. Noble cause adm inistrations were additionally stretched out outside the nation making America known for its help around the world. Along this line, excellence to them similarly means power. Thus, most chosen lawmakers had remembered for their projects the objective to improve the life of individuals in the midst of monetary uncertainty. Legislators who don't bolster monetary and social prospering commonly lost in races as they are not well known without such plan in their program. Not just prudence is worry for mindfulness, self turn of events, and obligation for others to the Americans, however it likewise implies regard for human rights. Human rights in America have extended where opportunity is gained and made sure about for them to carry on with a real existence appropriate for the evolving times. Be that as it may, to them rights are pointless in the event that they are stomped on upon by others, denied by the ground-breaking not many, and abused by the people. With this, they look to realize themselves better and not simply to acknowledge themselves as what they are or what the general public consider them. For uprightness to be put to utilize, Americans need to practice their own judgment from inside and not to be directed by the guidelines from the books. They don't accept that the gave rules to live one’s life could make them carry on with a decent life yet rather consider rights as a middle person to permit them to carry on with their life well. To summarize, America is a country who regards the individual and has confidence in freedom as opposed to be directed (Gary, 527). Added to what was referenced, ethicalness is resilience and thankfulness for differing way of life. Along these lines, they are available to acknowledge people from any nation to enter their domain as settlers as long as they meet the capabilities specified in their necessity. In contrast to different nations, Americans are lenient to any religion a settler may acquire thus with their way of life. All things considered, they are receptive to offer an incentive to differed commitments in these perspectives from others to manage them in their lives and with an end goal to change society. In this perspective, Americans give a high respect to tirelessness even notwithstanding afflictions. To guarantee that American residents and their pioneers had temperance, they dismiss exploitative individuals. This is reflected in the activity of the legislature in ending the administrations of government authorities and authorizing the individuals who abuse their capacity to take hush-money in return of supporting or enduring unlawful exercises. Such activity shows their dismissal of debasement

Interesting Topics For Argumentative Essay

Interesting Topics For Argumentative EssayIn order to write an essay that is written in a manner that it is very readable and interesting, a number of interesting topics can be chosen. There are topics that have been used by many students when they are being asked to write an essay. These topics include subjects such as the United States of America, high school, football, World War II, working people, farming, war, crime, etc. These topics can be used by both writers who are preparing to apply for college as well as those who are preparing to take the GRE.Another excellent topic for argumentative essay would be religion. This is because religion has been a topic that is very relevant to college admissions, especially to SAT or ACT tests that many students take. Also, since colleges are looking for students that have a strong understanding of religion, religion is a great topic for an argumentative essay. Religion can be written about several different types of people, such as: one's family, religion, his/her beliefs, etc.Another easy topic for argumentative essay is world politics. This could also be used by students who are preparing to apply for college.There are other different topics that can be used as well. Some topics include history, philosophy, relationships, art, history, etc. These topics are very interesting and helpful when preparing for college admissions. Writing essays in this manner will help one to become a better writer and also to learn about a great many different subjects.Students who are preparing to take the GRE are usually going to use GRE Argumentative Essay as their topic. In order to prepare for this, they should work on writing essays on topics that are interesting. These topics include: psychology, current events, psychology, sociology, economics, etc.Students should also choose topics that will help them in their studies. For example, if students are going to take the SAT, they should choose topics such as literature, mathematics, etc. By doing this, students will be able to get better grades on their test.Writing an essay with interesting topics can be done by anyone, but this is something that is very helpful for students. By using these topics, students will be able to write an interesting essay that will help them do well on their college applications.

Jessica Simpson, a Histrionic Personality Disorder - Free Essay Example

COULD JESSICA SIMPSON have a possible histrionic personality disorder? Before exploring the issue further, it would be wise to discuss the term. According to the American Psychiatric Association and the Cleveland Clinic, Histrionic personality disorder is defined as series of dramatic personality disorders characterised by intense and unstable emotions as well as low self esteem. One of the biggest characteristics is the desire for attention. While people crave attention, there are others who crave for it in excess; sometimes people in reality TV Shows. In the case of Jessica Simpson, she received attention on the MTV Reality TV Show called Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica before she left Nick to seek better opportunities. The show included several private or intimate moments of the stars, going to the extent of showing Simpson using the toilet. Further, her cinematic career remains wanting with many of her films like the Dukes of Hazzard becoming flops. One example was when she announ ced that she would participate in the modern version of The Dukes of Hazards. She appeared to have destroyed the film and converted an American classic into a cheesy film, which deserved the Raspberries. Her rendition of the Nancy Sinatra hit in the film These Boots Were Made For Walking was not appreciated either. Simpson showed all of herself in her rendition of the song seemingly telling them (in a mental way) : I need your attention, come to me. The various Christian Evangelical groups condemned her for too much sex and she seemed to relish the attention by responding that she was glad that she did not go into the Christian Music Industry. The response shows how she adored the negative attention as if it was better than positive attention. She also tried her hand at country music, wanting to show the world that she was a great talent and at the same time needed to be in front of the camera. The response of the people in the festival, which took place in Wisconsin was to boo her as she walked on the stage. It appeared that she enjoyed the negative attention as it was better than the little she does receive. The romance between Jessica Simpson and Dallas Cowboy American Football Player Tony Romo cannot be commented about because the underwriter does not know if the love was real or staged to gain attention. It is often wandered if Hollywood suffers from the same disease of Histrionic Personality Disorder. In closing, Jessica Simpson could have a case of Histrionic Personality Disorder. The subject matter could be discussed further in entertainment shows as well as medical conventions. The treatment is psychotherapy and there is no magical medicine that could change it. It is hoped that the Histrionic Personality Disorder that she seems to suffer from does not progress as she ages. Only time will tell what can occur.

Julius Caesar And Aurelia Cotta - 2835 Words

+ Born to Gaius Julius Marius Caesar and Aurelia Cotta in 13th of Quintilis (July) 100 B.C. was a baby that would change the history of Rome, Gaius Julius Caesar. Julius came from a family that was known to have the blood of both of kings who wield the greatest power amongst men, and the gods who in turn held power, even over Kings. When Julius was fifteen his father died and he became the man of the house, with links with the Populares through his first wife Cornelia and his aunt Julia, who had been married to Marius. With these connections, Julius would be forced to face the harsh realities of Roman politics. In 82 B.C. Julius’s name was on the hit list that Sulla, the dictator at this time, put out. Julius was forced to flee and go†¦show more content†¦that on the way to the western part of present-day Turkey. As he ship neared the island of Pharmacusa, a few miles off the Asian coast, it was swarmed by pirates. Realizing Julius was a member of a wealthy family; th ey held him hostage and demand 20 talents for his release. Julius replied to this by saying a man of his importance was worth much more than 20 talents. Then he told them to ask for 50 talents and they did. After being set free, Julius went to a near port city of Miletus to hire several ships and dozens of men, and then returned to Pharmacusa. He overpowered the pirates and captured most of them. Julius ordered them to be crucified. Soon after the crucifixions of the pirates, a revolt against Roman rule in Asia broke out. Julius joined the fighting against the rebels and campaigned for two years. Julius spent the next few years after fighting in Asia making a bigger name for him. In 69 B.C. his aunt Julia died and few months after his aunt’s death, his wife Cornelia died trying to give Julius a son. This didn’t stop him though; he hosted parties until he gained the favor of the people to be elected to be a quaestor. Julius’s quaestorship was in the province of Further Spain (the south and southwest regions of present-day Spain). After completing his one-year term as quaestor Julius returned to Rome and remarried. His new wife, Pompeia, was the wealthy granddaughter of Sulla- the same man who once had threatened Julius’s life. In 65

Benefits of Congestion Charge in Tokyo - 1604 Words

Benefits of Congestion Charge in Tokyo Since the 1940s, motorization has increased rapidly around the world, particularly private vehicles. The trend has created both economic and individual benefits. The development resulted in the prosperity of the metropolis, while regional areas declined steeply in scale. In Japan, the least number of vehicles per household by prefecture was Tokyo with 0.497(Automobile Inspection Association, 2009). Nevertheless, there are chronic enormous traffic jams in Tokyo. Congestion charging systems have been considered because many suburbanites have gathered to work, study and make a purchase in the city. As a result of the consideration, the new systems have been practised in many cities, such as Oslo,†¦show more content†¦In 1997, likewise, Japan organised the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The treaty (United Nations, 1998) indicates: It was to establish a legally binding international agreement, whereby all the participating nations commit themselves to tackling the issue of global warming and greenhouse gas emissions. Although Japan’s target was a reduction of 6% from 1990 levels by the year 2012, it might be difficult to achieve the objective, but the definite charging plan might inspire Japan to approach the aim effectively. A heated debate about the influence on car businesses has become another argument against the use of congestion charge. It has been contended that car consumption would experience a sharp decrease owing to the new device (Environment of Tokyo, 2010). It has been also claimed that the automobile industry, which has been protected by the Japanese government since World War II and taken the major role in the economy (University of Tokyo, 2004), would lose the power and might be difficult to compete with foreign companies. On the positive side, it has been asserted that the changes could be a large number of opportunities for the Japanese motor vehicle industry because the new technologies, such as electric cars and hybrid ones, could be developed (Nakamura,2010). These cars could provide not only cheaper charging costs and repairing fees for drivers but also reductions in airShow MoreRelatedNew And Existing Sporting Facilities Required For The Olympics1516 Words   |  7 Pagesnonprofi t corporation (CODA) costing the federal government millions of dollars (French, 1997; Yarborough, 2000). Another important aim was to ensure that the poorest neighborhoods were also profiting from hosting the Games (French, 1997). CODA was in charge of the development of the neighborhoods around the main Olympic venues and were identified as primary benefactors of redevelopment (French, 1997) A proposal by ACOG was made to restore various low-income housing projects, which would then be rentedRead MoreDHL Swot Analysis1585 Words   |  7 Pagesprogress ï‚ § Stage of the business progression ï‚ § Consumer satisfaction DHL has retorted to economic situations by introducing low cost flying. The cost of fuel is risky for DHL because when the cost of oil uproars, this will be replicated to freight charges and if the price raises less people will use Airfright as a mode of transport. Decline in fuel price also means strengthening of the dollar. Fluctuations in oil prices and exchange rates will directly affect DHL’s cost base. 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Families with live-in grandparents couldnt fit into the Reva. Indias skewed taxes also added to the problem. Road taxes, fuel surcharges and others led to differential pricing. ChandigarhRead MoreThe Technology Development Of Autonomous Cars10514 Words   |  43 Pageshave the visual, audible advantage, all the different inputs to make the best judgments moving forward†.10 Their current research prototype is being tested on actual environments around Ann Arbor on the state of Michigan, U.S.A and the around the Tokyo Imperial Palace, Japan. Features the following equipments: ââ€"  360 degree LIDAR laser scanner: It can measure distances and objects and make an 3d image for the software on the computers to navigate on the streets. It also helps to determine the positionRead MoreUber And Strategy3540 Words   |  15 Pagesfirm was also conducting test services in Los Angeles and Toronto. Upon a launch, Uber benefits from various means of social media such as Twitter and Facebook, as users share their experiences. As a result, the firm has experienced rapid user proliferation of 30-40% per month5. Pricing Experience Uber has three main pricing structures; fixed airport rates, standard fees which include a per mile/minute charge, and dynamic pricing. For example, the fixed airport fee from downtown Chicago to MidwayRead MoreShanghai Port Swot11735 Words   |  47 Pagesimportant group of independent business involved in the North Atlantic container trade. Slack uses the following 11 criteria for port selection: (a). port security, (b). size of port, (c). inland freight rates, (d). port charges, (e). quality of customs handling, (f). free time, (g). congestion, (h). port equipment (i). number of sailings, (j). proximity of port, (k). possibility of inter-modal links. 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Pricing amp; Experience Uber has three main pricing structures; fixed airport rates, standard fees which include a per mile/minute charge, and dynamic pricing. For example, the fixed airport fee from downtown Chicago to

Comparing The Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck and To...

â€Å"And they stand still and watch the potatoes float by, listen to the screaming pigs being killed in a ditch and covered with quicklime, watch the mountains of oranges slop down to a putrefying ooze; and in the eyes of the people there is a failure; and in the eyes of the hungry there is a growing wrath† (Steinbeck 349). John Steinbeck, the author of The Grapes of Wrath, portrays the migrant’s resentment of the California land owners and their way of life and illustrates that the vagrants from Oklahoma are yearning for labor, provisions, and human decency. Similarly in To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee elucidates the concept that people should be treated with inclusive human dignity and be affected by good aspects rather than deleterious†¦show more content†¦In the novel, grapes epitomize the wrath of the migrants to the land owners. Steinbeck also uses a turtle to symbolize the tormenting agony and the help the Joads received while venturing to California, â€Å"A sedan driven by a forty-year-old woman approached. She saw the turtle and swung to the right, off the highway . . . And now a light truck approached, and as it came near, the driver saw the turtle and swerved to hit it† (Steinbeck 15). Rose of Sharon’s stillborn child is a representation of the Joad’s indigence and destitution. The family has been torn apart and separated, they all have little to live from, and it is too much for them to handle (Steinbeck 216). The theme of The Grapes of Wrath is also developed upon its shifts between third person omniscient and objective points of view. The narrator of the novel follows the Joad’s excursion to California and describes events from a broader view. The chapters of the Joad’s story are primarily told from an objective point of view in which the Joads communicate to each other, but it sometimes shifts to an omniscient point of view where the narrator will take the voice of a car salesman or a broad view of the Dust Bowl migration. At these points, Steinbeck reveals how the wealthy members of society exploit impoverished and powerless people, â€Å"Get ‘em ready to deal, an’ I’ll close ‘em. Goin’ to California? Here’s jus’ what you need. Looks shot, but they’s thousan’s of miles in her† (Steinbeck 66). In addition

Anne Boleyn Essay examples - 2136 Words

On Friday, May 19, 1536, Anne Boleyn, former Queen of England, was executed for high treason and adultery, her head severed from her body by an expert swordsman, the only concession given her by her ex-husband King Henry VIII. How, in so short a time, had the woman that Henry had defied the religious tradition of England for, divorcing his wife and changing the history of religion in his country, whom he pursued relentlessly for years, fallen so far, so quickly? To understand one must examine Henry’s desperate need for a male heir, understand the politics of the time, and the personality of Anne Boleyn herself. Anne’s involvement with religion, politics, foreign affairs and fashion are still being seen centuries after her death. Filled†¦show more content†¦In Anne’s adolescent years, she reached the minimum age of â€Å"Fille D’Honneur† and moved into the court of Archduchess Margaret Fraser in France where her love of fashion was spark ed. After serving on the Archduchess’ court, Anne went on to be in the court of Mary Tudor, sister of King Henry VIII and wife of King Louis XII. Because of Anne’s high profile position, she had to keep with the latest French fashion trends such as the French hood and dress styles. When Mary Tudor returned to England, Anne decided to stay in France for the next six to seven years and continued her education in the ways of the French court. The young Anne grew into a delightfully charming young lady, blessed with all the social graces a courtier at that time could possibly hope for. During that time King Henry came to France to meet the French King, Francis I, and it was here that King Henry most likely first met Anne. People questioned what Henry saw in Anne because she was not considered beautiful by the era’s standards. Anne had long dark hair, dim olive colored skin and large dark brown eyes that to some, appeared black. Her multiple â€Å"imperfection s† that so greatly impacted her style were questioned by Henry’s courtiers. It was said that she had an extra finger on one of her hands and a large mole on her neck that she would try to hide. She long-sleeved dresses and a black ribbon around her neck to hide an unsightly mole.Show MoreRelatedAnne Boleyn950 Words   |  4 PagesAna Bolena – Anne Boleyn 1501(1507)-1536 Queen of England 1533-1536 Mother of Elizabeth I Information about the early years of Anne Boleyn is almost non-existence; her birth has been dated from 1501 to 1507. Although information about her parents is abundant. Her father, Sir Thomas Boleyn, was named Sir in 1503. He was fluent with the languages, which allowed him to travel through Europe under the King’s orders and be part of important meetings. He was one of the bodyguards that took theRead MoreAnne Boleyn - Paper1823 Words   |  8 PagesAnne Boleyn lived a strategic lifestyle in the English court of Henry VIII. As a pawn of her family, she went from a small girl in the French court to the queen. Henry had an obsession with Anne and would stop at nothing until they were together causing many long term affects on England. Many people had different contrasting views of Anne Boleyn; on one hand she was viewed as a jezebel or concubine by the Catholics but at the same time she was viewed as a saintly queen by protestant writers. BothRead MoreThe Other Boleyn Girl By Anne Boleyn2145 Words   |  9 Pages The Other Boleyn Girl is a 2008 feature film based on the ambitious rise and fall of Anne Boleyn and her family. The two sisters Anne and Mary Boleyn fight for the heart and bed of King Henry VIII of England only to find heartache and betrayal in their path. Becoming with child as well as becoming Queen of England was the beginning of Anne’s descent. Having a miscarriage of a son and trying to convince her brother George to have carnal relations with her to get her re-pregnant was highRead MoreElizabeth Woodville And Anne Boleyn1747 Words   |  7 Pagesmanners, or less. However, many women found themselves contributing to the formation of postmodern constructs of marriage for love, p artnership, and fidelity. Foremost among these, temporally and popularly, are the examples of Elizabeth Woodville and Anne Boleyn. Undoubtedly, these cases hold great significance to cultural studies of the temporal periods in which the English identify as participants, but they also aid in seeing the eventual popular degradation of women from chaste matrons and aloof maidensRead MoreThe Tragic Demise Of Anne Boleyn2428 Words   |  10 Pagesequal weight to the same piece of evidence. The tragic demise of Anne Boleyn is one of those events in history that has been observed from any and all possible angle in order to understand what truly happened. And still, historians often disagree. This paper will attempt to show four historians’ perspective on the reason why Anne was accused of treason and the theory they each favour. From the thought of a political coup against Anne and some of the members of the King’s Privy Chamber to the ideaRead MoreAnne Boleyn - Original Wri ting869 Words   |  4 Pageswaves, finding peace in it. Many years Anne Boleyn had stayed on the Island of Estonina, through the grace of the pure blood vampire Queen Natassa, but she still often longed for her home. Darious, a man who served Natassa, had stayed in England to report things about Elizabeth to Anne. Now news had come that Anne s daughter would be crowned Queen of England, which filled Anne s heart with both joy and saddness. When her child had only been the tender age of 2 Anne was to be beheaded for false crimesRead MoreAnne Boleyn: A Victim of Politics Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesOn Friday, May 19, 1536, Anne Boleyn, former Queen of England, was executed for high treason and adultery, her head severed from her body by an expert swordsman, the only concession given her by her ex-husband King Henry VIII. How, in so short a time, had the woman that Henry had defied the religious tradition of England for, divorcing his wife and changing the history of religion i n his country, whom he pursued relentlessly for years, fallen so far, so quickly? To understand one must examine Henry’sRead MoreA Brief History of the Life of Anne Boleyn, An Outline Essay696 Words   |  3 PagesAnne Boleyn: A Brief History Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the life of Anne Boleyn and the impact she had on the English monarchy. Introduction I. Attention-Getter: I am come hither to accuse no man, nor to speak anything of that, whereof I am accused and condemned to die, but I pray God save the king and send him long to reign over you, for a gentler nor a more merciful prince was there never: and to me he was ever a good, a gentle and sovereign lord. (Anne Boleyn Bio,Read MoreAnne Boleyn s The First Wife Of Henry Viii Essay2301 Words   |  10 Pages Anne Boleyn is a figure that continues to fascinate us centuries after she met her end on the scaffold. The story goes that King Henry struggles with his conscience when it becomes clear that his wife Catherine will not give him a male heir. He meets Anne and falls in love, and as a consequence breaks with Rome and the Holy Roman Catholic Church to marry her. When she too fails to produce the elusive son he desires he has her executed. The second wife of Henry VIII, Anne’s is a biography thatRead MoreThe Reformation Of The King s Romance With Anne Boleyn Or Popula r Discontent Essay1860 Words   |  8 Pagesprevent another succession crisis, like those of 1453 and 1461. In doing so, the essay will provide evidence that supports the prominence of this claim over the claims that religious differences with the Catholic Church, the King’s romance with Anne Boleyn or popular discontent with the Roman Catholic Church are the decisive factors of the revolution. Firstly, the essay sheds light onto the events that led to the reformation under the stewardship of King Henry VIII. In doing so it will contest the

Is Human Life Expectancy Increasing Essay Sample free essay sample

Average lifetime around the universe is already double than what it was 200 old ages ago. Civilization has developed at an amazing gait. leting life anticipation to increase quickly. Increasing by two old ages every decennary. the figures show no marks of flattening out. Since the 1980s. experts thought the addition in life anticipation would decelerate down and halt. but predictors have repeatedly been proven incorrect. Most babes born since the twelvemonth 2000 in states with long life anticipations will observe their 100thbirthdays. When a century ago. the opportunity to go a centenarian. which is a individual older than 100 old ages was a 100 times lower than it is today. So can we travel on life thirster and longer? Or is there a bound to how long we can last into old age? To populate everlastingly while continuing wellness and the gloss of young person is one of humanity’s oldest and most valuable ends. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Human Life Expectancy Increasing? Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Scientists say that we could eventually be near to accomplishing life-times that are if non eternal. at least several decennaries longer. The thought that worlds could one twenty-four hours routinely live to the age of 140 old ages or more is really possible. Even if scientists could make a pill that allow you populate up to twice every bit long. would you truly want to take it? Whether it is due to natural or medical patterned advances that humans life anticipation farther additions. would this discovery be good or destructive to the universes future societies? The personal benefits are a no brainer. Peoples would be able to pass more clip with loved 1s. watch future coevalss grow up. seek different callings and go the universe. The limitation of age would fundamentally no longer be an issue. However. longer lifetimes would radically alter the construction of society and relationships. The work force and economic system would be greatly affected. with skilled workers populating in their premier and staying in the work force for longer. it can be assumed that economic productiveness would travel up. Although. with people remaining in their occupations for 100 old ages or so. it would be really hard for immature people to travel in and acquire in front in the work force. Longer lifetimes could take to society inputting more resources and rational energy to suiting the older. instead than originating the immature. non merely in the work force. The full makeup of society would be altered. if people continue the current tendency of holding kids in their 20s and 30s. so it could be possible for eight coevalss to be alive at the same time. This societal alteration would surely make a different set of societal relationships to what exists today. If babes continue being born in the same tendencies that presently exist. will at that place be sufficient resources on the planet to suit a much larger population? The universes resources are tight already. how can we presume future coevalss cope with keeping stuff life criterions for one million millions of more people. While longer life anticipation through the usage of scientific discipline and medical specialty would be a singular accomplishment for world. is it truly something we would desire for the hereafter? The thoughts and impressions behind the thought of life much longer are appealing. but at the same clip. oppose everything we have of all time been known about life and decease. Is it truly deserving alluring destiny for a medical discovery that may merely do jobs for people of the hereafter?

Jethro Tull “A Passion Play” free essay sample

Theres no doubt that Jethro Tull is one of the most unique bands in the history of music. Their 1973 album, â€Å"A Passion Play,† is a prime example of their creative work. With a running time of 45:11, theres dialogue spoken throughout, telling short stories interrupted by marvelous classical and jazz elements. A mix of dark humor, incredibly complex music, and strange lyrical meanings are all here. Lots of different instruments are heard theres Ian Andersons flute, of course, but also acoustic guitars, soprano and sopranino saxophones, electric guitar, piano, organ, synthesizer, drums, timpani, glockenspiel, and marimbas. The instruments really contribute to the liveliness of the play. The lyrics are very poetic and dark. The stories are best described as passionate, brilliant and incredibly strange. A perfect example would be â€Å"The Story of The Hare Who Lost His Spectacles,† which later was enhanced into a Quicktime video. You may find yourself confused, maybe even freaked out during the play, but thats the best part! Lyrically and musically, this album is a one-track masterpiece. We will write a custom essay sample on Jethro Tull â€Å"A Passion Play† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you have the time, I strongly recommend listening to â€Å"A Passion Play.†

Success Must Bestow Humility.. free essay sample

True Definition Of Success Throughout our lives, we all work in order to someday have a job, family and ultimately be successful in life. But what truly defines the meaning of success? One meaning of success is the favorable or prosperous termination of attempts or endeavors (dictionary. com). Although one can be successful by accomplishing his or her goals, true success is attained when one can bring about achievement and prosperity in others as well. In today’s society, we see too many people consumed by idea of success that they single themselves out from the rest of the world. Too many of us view others as a potential barrier to their path to success. In today’s world, this selfish environment can be seen in both school and sports. In the past year, I had been having a tough time with my Calculus class. My lack of problem solving had showed in my previous exams. We will write a custom essay sample on Success Must Bestow Humility.. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was the middle of December, the peak time for midterms, when I was at the library, gritting away on a tough problem. I had spent at least an hour on this problem and still couldn’t figure out how to solve it. My exam was on the subsequent day and all I needed was some help. It was too late to go to office hours, so I decided to get help from a close friend of mine. Jake had helped me many times in the past and was also nicknamed the â€Å"math wizard†. We had been good friends since high school and I could always rely on him. I walked casually towards him and asked for his help on the problem. Jake, however, refused without any hesitation. â€Å"Shantanu, this class based on curve and the more people I help the worse it is for me†, he replied without making any eye contact. I was in utter shock. I stood beside him for a moment trying to soak in what he had just said. Soon, I went back to my book thinking. Jake was ready to give up a friendship for a grade. His addiction with getting good grades was in turn hurting both of us. Not only had a lost a lot of respect for him, I was astounded that he was once my friend. His concern that helping me will therefore raise the curve and hurt him in the long run was absolutely ridiculous. Jake’s infatuation with the idea of becoming successful had caught up to him. Although he still might do well on the test, at the end of the day he had a lost a good friend. This idea of the individual against the world is often displayed in personalities of people like Jake. However, their obsession with becoming successful in the end can only create a parasitic environment rather than a mutual one. The same attitude can also be viewed on basketball courts and football fields. It is often frustrating to turn on ESPN and watch Terrell Owens complaining about not getting enough touches on the ball rather than the sake of its team’s overall loss or even watching players such as Kobe complain about his team’s performance when he takes over thirty shots a game. Players like Kobe and Owens are the reason for the tension in the locker room which in due course leads to the fall of the team. Although, both Owens and Kobe are great at what they do, their obsession with individual success causes problems both the team and coaches. Many times we will see Kobe get over thirty points but its team would still lose. Even though Kobe had a terrific performance, in the end he was still a loser. Coaches are upset because he’s not sharing the ball enough and focusing too much on his own game. It’s clearly apparent that both Kobe is only concerned with how many points he scores rather than the team’s victory. Some people may still call his career a success, but his selfish behavior and inability to trust his teammates brings down his character. The true definition of success is defined in Michael Jordan, who won championship after championship by making others around him better. He was not only the superstar of the Chicago Bulls but also the leader. His teammates trusted with the ball and knew that he would make the right decision. Jordan has not only put himself in the basketball hall of fame but also his teammates as well. Players like Scottie Pippen and Dennis Rodman owe their booming basketball career to Jordan. Jordan’s unselfish attitude on and off the court made everyone around him winners as well. It is apparent that Jordan characterizes success. His selfless character made the Chicago Bulls a true team, hence winning them many championships. Jordan truly embodied success during his basketball career, unlike Kobe and Owens. As people often work in teams in their respective workplaces, they must possess the ability to work effectively with others. Teams functioning in a cooperative environment generally outdo individuals in terms of performance. Plus, working on a team provides its individual members with senses of belonging and personal achievement along with enhanced skillsets and greater motivation to perform. Good teamwork releases group synergy so that the combined effect of individual contributions far exceeds the sum of their individual effects. There is mutual accountability and togetherness amongst members of a well-knit team. Jordan praises himself on winning consecutive championships rather than winning MVP of the league or the Defensive Player of the year award. The basic premise here is that individual contributions cannot be as good as all of us working together in a team. As shown above, this selfish ambiance is present in both the academic and sports world. There are many people like Kobe, Owens and Jake in today’s society. Their mind is set on becoming the best while leaving others behind. They will learn from others and refuse to share their knowledge with others. These people view each person as a possible predator out to get them. Their constant insecurity is their biggest weakness which therefore causes them not to trust anyone. Upon understanding the benefit they receive by helping others, only then will they realize the true power of success. They will not only grow as students or athletes but as human beings as well. Such behavior can cause a dramatic loss to society as a whole. Upon truly understanding the meaning of success by helping others, only will our society be able to benefit the world and make it a better place to live in.

Essay Examples About a College Professor

Essay Examples About a College ProfessorCollege students who have just gotten into college or are still in high school have a need for essay samples about a college professor. These people do not always have professors who are willing to give them homework help that they will not get from classmates or friends. They may need to write something at their own pace. Some of the tips that you will find below may help you write a great essay on a professor.Use the internet - Online resources can be very helpful when you want to know how to write an essay about a college professor. There are sites that provide you with essay samples about a college professor. These sites provide basic guidelines as well as step-by-step instructions that you can follow. All you have to do is type in the subject and sentence that you want to include. You will find it very easy to do if you are a regular reader of internet articles.Check out other people's blogs - Life blogs or other individuals' websites are usually filled with information that can be very helpful for the college student. You will find all kinds of tips and suggestions to help you write your essay. If you are struggling with writing, you may find this article helpful. It gives some tips on how to write an essay about a college professor.Check out online colleges - In the event that you would like to take a free online education class, you will be able to use the knowledge from this article. The article will give you tips on how to write an essay about a college professor. You may also be able to take notes that will help you complete the essay faster.Take advantage of personal experience - If you know someone who has been a college professor, make sure to take advantage of this knowledge. This person has valuable experience to offer. You will be able to take it and use it for your own benefit. Also, you may be able to use the people that you know as references when you need to go back and read an essay. This may be very helpful.Join study groups - Study groups can be very helpful. You can learn from the experiences of others that are willing to share their experiences with you. It is important that you take advantage of their experiences. It is also important that you share the things that you have learned with others that are not able to attend regular meetings.Do research - It is important that you check into the background of the college professor that you are writing about. You will be able to find out more about the personality of the professor if you can gather information on his or her career. Some of the things that you will find will be invaluable to you when you need to prepare for the test.Check out the internet - If you are having trouble getting information on the internet, you may want to try looking for websites that offer information on the life of a college professor. This is a great resource to use if you need to research for your essay. You will be able to find many tips on how to write an essay about a college professor.

Same Sex Marriages Essays - LGBT History, Same-sex Marriage

Same Sex Marriages Essays - LGBT History, Same-sex Marriage Same Sex Marriages 11/23/98Same-Sex Marriages(Should it be allowed? Should it involve children?) If a man lies with a man as one lies with a woman, both of them have done whatis detestable. They must be put to death; their blood will be on their heads.- Leviticus20:13. Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do notbe deceived: ......homosexual offenders.....will not inherit the kingdom of God.- 1 Corinthians 6:9-10. Do not lie with a man as one lies with a woman; that isdetestable.-Leviticus 18:22. According to the Bible same-sex marriages would be immoral and sinful. Beinggay and loving another person is certainly not illegal, but uniting that couple in marriage isnot only rejected by most of society but also by Judaism, Christianity and Islam. As aChristian I find same-sex marriages unacceptable, but I know that not all people believe inthe Bible and we do have freedom of religion in the US . Courts in Hawaii would not allow same-sex marriages and that is now beinglooked at as unconstitutional. Not allowing the marriages discriminates against certaingroups that are United States citizens and that is unconstitutional. Even though I dont approve of same-sex marriages, according to our laws there isreally no reason why the marriages shouldnt take place. But I do think there should belimitations. Marriages of the same-sex should not involve children. There is no naturalway that two people of the same-sex could possibly have children of their own and shouldnot be given custody of a child or the ability to adopted a child. Governor Wilson, California republican is proposing to ban Second-parentadoptions, which in the past have been approved. These regulations would require maritalstatus to be given to the Department of Social Services. I don't believe that gay parents will cause such a child to be gay. But all thingsbeing equal, I do believe that child is being deprived of crucial, necessary two-sexingredients essential in parenting. That it takes a man a nd a woman to produce that thirdperson is the most basic proof that a child needs both a mommy and a daddy. Children who have parents of the same-sex would be unbearable harassed by otherchildren and considered an outcast. An innocent child put in a situation that would beemotionally stressful for most of their youth-there is no need. Just imagine what a childwould go through. Billy, which one of your dads wore the dress in the wedding? orSuzy, which one of your moms is coming to the mother-daughter picnic? Why put kidsin an environment that is not morally or socially acceptable in todays society? Being gay should never result in being harassed, hated or hurt. But sadly, beinggay also should never mean being able to marry or adopt. Everything in life has a price.Being childless is a high price. But a child's basic needs must always supersede the desiresof an adult. Children must always come before self. Bibliography :Holy Bible (NIV) - Leviticus 18:22 - Leviticus 20:13 - 1 Corinthians 6:9Gay marriages should be allowed, state judge rules, The Wall Street Journal, Dec. 4, 1996.

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Global Communication Systems Referring to Walmart Assignment

Global Communication Systems Referring to Walmart - Assignment Example Croasdell et al., states that Walmart’s core goal is the provision of consumer goods at the lower process than their competitors, which it has managed to accomplish largely due to embracing technology. Technology has enabled Walmart to be a leading innovator in the retail industry. Global communication systems can be used to improve services offered by many departments of the company, ranging from customer service, distribution, management and sales (Croasdell et al., 2003). At Walmart, executives have adopted a communication system to enable them to supervise auxiliary staff in thousands of stores. Oral communication had been the norm at Walmart for many years, but with the globalization of the company and an increase in the number of stores, the need for adopting global communication systems was a necessity. It, therefore, led to the development of the six-channel satellite system, which is an integrated satellite communication network for easier communication between executives and lower level managers and employees. The features of the system include a video transmission network that is one way and a two-way data and voice system that allows the head office to relay information to Walmart stores all over the world. This global communication system is used for a variety of functions such as allowing management to oversee stores on a global front and even boosting staff morale to increase their sales. The main objective of this set up is to allow communication between the stores via an integrated satellite link that is voice and video enabled. The system allows for communication among Walmart stores and between the stores with the head office. According to Hollenbeck et al., the system has been instrumental in accessing customer reviews on their products and thus, enabling the head office to develop products that are up to the standards desired by customers all over the world. Additionally, the system has improved communication between top-tier management and staff in distant Walmart stores and essentially saving time and money. As a result, Walmart has been able to improve its efficiency levels through managing human capital appropriately.

The Toro Companys' No Risk Program Research Paper

The Toro Companys' No Risk Program - Research Paper Example The winter during the year 1982/1983 was mild and thus, the premium rate of 2.1% was low given that there was a high risk that a bigger number of customers were going seek refund (Squires, 1999). In other words, the American Home Insurance Company had erred in the calculation of 2.1% premium. To recover this, the insurance company raised the premium rate to around 8% during the following year. Further, the insurance company seemed to take advantage of the increased sales since the premium rate is calculated as a percentage of total retail sales. Estimating a fair insurance rate A fair insurance rate can be estimated based on historical performance of an organization. For Toro Company, historical data on the sales of the Snowthrowers can be gathered and then used to determine the optimal rates that a company should be asked to pay (Vanderhoof & Altman, 1998). The sales data distribution for Toro indicated that there were strong sales between the financial years 1978/1979, and 1979/198 0. The increase in demand was triggered by severe winter conditions during the period. The next three winters were mild causing a reduction in sales for Toro. However, the winter for the year 1983/1984 was snowy and thus, the risk arising from low sales was reduced. As such, a fair insurance rate should have been lower than that of the previous three years. However, the American Home Insurance Company raised the premium rate from 2.1% in the year 1982/1983 to around 8% in the year 1983/1984. Customer perspective of the structure of paybacks The paybacks were structured in a manner that triggered immediate and enormous interest and excitement among the consumers. This led to customer preference for the products of Toro to those of competitors. However, with only two out of 172 government-run weather stations reporting snowfall below 50%, most consumers were shy from seeking refund. The winter for the year 1983/1984 is snowy, reducing chances for customers to seek refunds. Since intro duction of the program resulted in removing of the 10% discount program, the new program made snowballs less affordable for customers, leading to reduced interest for paybacks especially if winter conditions are projected to be severe. Running the discount and payback programs would be more appealing, where a consumer makes a choice between the two programs, (Banasiewicz, 2009). Common decision traps and impact of the No Risk program on customer ‘regret’ The decision traps that Toro Company and the American Home Insurance Company as susceptible to are as follows: Decision traps Toro Company American Home Insurance Company Limiting the Search Trap Failure to Evaluate Trap Ignoring Ethical Questions trap None (50%) Negative (50%) Positive (70%) None (30%) Positive (60%) None (40%) Possible outcomes for the consumer The decision matrix shows that the program is likely to lead to consumer regrets. Argument to achieve desired objective from the Toro Company’s perspect ive The desire for Toro Company is to win more customers and increase sales for Snowthrowers in the long-run. To achieve this, it will be essential to do research related to the success of the program, and its short and long-term impact on consumer demand (Hoyer & Macinnis, 2009). Toro will need to evaluate possibilities of consumer regret and use the information to improve decisions. In case the program has already caused consumer regret, it will be essential to take actions that will reduce customers’

Comparing the Poetry of Gary Snyder and Ruth Stone Essay -- Comparison

Comparing the Poetry of Gary Snyder and Ruth Stone Gary Snyder is not only a poet, but a preacher of sorts. His poems carry powerful messages about getting back to your roots. His poems contain strong themes of anti-consumerism and spirituality. "Facts" is a short piece consisting of facts on consumerism in America. This piece warns of the dangers of over consumption and lack of moderation. In some cases, however, Snyder does appear far too extreme in his views, like in "By Frazier Creek Falls" where is says "We could live on this Earth / Without clothes or tools." This theme of "primitivism" is a common theme in Snyder's poetry. Many of his poems are about nature and the "uncivilized" world. the settings of his poems are often woods, lakes, mountain trails, or other similar uninhabited uncultivated areas. Snyder's poetry is sometimes political activism in disguise. "Four Changes" is less like a poem and more like an environmental extremist's manifesto. Each of the "changes" closes with a suggestion of what type of soci al or political action to take in order to make the aforementioned change occur. Loss is a major theme in Ruth Stone's poetry, although her poems are rarely depressing as one might expect from loss poems. Instead, her poems contain a bitter yet sharp tone of humor. She writes about the loss of her husband, old lovers, her mother, and the past. Stone also writes about the dangers of getting too caught up in the modern world and losing touch with our roots. In "The Solution" she refers to "My friend the Supermarket" which brings her gratification in several ways. In "Lullaby" she writes about babies who kiss their computer goodnight and tells how they program computers after putting on thei... ...aired Mother† and writes many poems about mothers. Both Snyder and Stone make use of strong concrete images in their poems. In â€Å"The Bath† Snyder appeals to almost all of the senses by talking about the â€Å"crackle of waterdrops† and â€Å"the scent of cedar† and his wife entering the sauna, â€Å"letting in cool air.† In â€Å"Simplicity† Stone’s intense use of adjectives and figurative language creates strong images in the reader’s mind. She describes her surroundings as â€Å"wrinkled skin on a cup of boiled milk† an describes â€Å"the water’s muscular flow.† The writings of both poets can be described as both simple and complex at the same time, just like the world they’re writing about. While on a purely literal level you may be reading about loss, family, traveling, or nature, all of the poems have a deeper meaning about these topics that the poet leaves the reader to discover.

Lack Of Standards For Ehr Health And Social Care Essay

In 21st century Information Technology played an sole function in upper limit of the Fieldss ; nevertheless, health care is one noticeable exclusion. Harmonizing to surveies, U.S. infirmaries and multiple-facility wellness systems are â€Å" merely get downing to round out their clinical webs, but are much farther along than physician patterns. † ( David B. Meinert ) While many inmate or infirmary installations migrating from paper charts to electronic records, but a small advancement has been made in the ambulatory or outpatient scene. Vast bulk medical professionals including doctors have been loath to utilize electronic medical records and go on to trust on paper records. Paper medical records are informations rich by nature, but information is hapless as doctors and other wellness attention suppliers have limited clip to delve through volumes of paper to recover information, use it in decision-making and/or portion it with patients. EMR/EHR systems hold enormous promise fo r non merely bettering the measure and quality of clinical informations that can be recorded, but more significantly the ability to entree wellness attention informations to better quality of attention. This survey will seek to see the perceptual experience of medical professionals towards Electronic medical record. Study has been done as a comparative survey among two different types of scenes that is hospital which are utilizing EMR ( paperless infirmaries that is category A ) and infirmaries which are holding their ain information system where the paper-based medical records are scanned and used ( Category B infirmaries ) . Electronic Medical Record ( EMR ) Harmonizing to the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society ( HIMSS ) , an EMR is a constituent of an electronic wellness record which is owned by the health care supplier. ( Dr. Chris Hobson ) This engineering, when to the full developed, meets provider demands for real-time informations entree and rating in medical attention. EMR besides provides the mechanism for longitudinal informations storage and entree. The content of an EMR is correspondent to the paper record, but the electronic format creates useable informations in medical result surveies, improves the efficiency of attention, and makes for more efficient communicating among suppliers and easier direction of wellness programs. ( Electronic Medical Record: The Link to a Better Future, Texas Medical Association ) Electronic Health Record ( EHR ) is an electronic version of a patient ‘s medical history, that is maintained by the supplier over clip, These have been used extensively by general practicians in many developed states and include patient designation inside informations, medicines and prescription coevals, laboratory consequences and in some instances all healthcare information recorded by the physician during each visit by the patient. ( Electronic wellness records: manual for developing states. WHO ) EHRs are the following measure in the continued advancement of health care that can beef up the relationship between patients and clinicians.A The informations, seasonableness and handiness of it, will enable suppliers to take better determinations and provide quality attention. For illustration, the EHR can better patient attention by: Reducing the incidence of medical mistake by bettering the truth and lucidity of medical records. Making the wellness information available, cut downing duplicate of trials, cut downing holds in intervention, and patients good informed to take better determinations. Reducing medical mistake by bettering the truth and lucidity of medical records.Background:Hospital information systems ( HIS ) and Electronic Medical Records ( EMRs ) are considered requirements for the efficient bringing of high quality wellness attention in infirmaries. However, a big figure of legal and practical restraints influence on the design and debut of such systems ( Dick RS, Steen EB ) Hence, many EMR execution undertakings do non take at presenting the EMR and extinguishing the paper-based opposite number in one measure ( Laerum H ) . As a start, the EMR is introduced along with its paper-based opposite number, and both are kept updated. In such environments, wellness attention workers have to cover with a intercrossed electronic and paper-based solution. This likely limits the usage of EMR ( Laerum H ) . Furthermore, mistakes are prone to develop due to cumbersome care of the medical record information in double storage media. In many states, most hospital EMR undertakings have non passed beyond this stage ( Dick RS, Steen EB )Electronic Medical Records- the altering tendency:aˆ? Paper based records are being bit by bit replaced by computing machine based records ( which is in being in the West since 2 decennaries ) aˆ? It has non achieved the same incursion in health care as in finance or other industry. Deployment varies in statesAims:To reexamine already bing information system of both class of infirmaries To happen out existent versus perceptual troubles while utilizing EMR both classs infirmaries To analyze the overall perceptual experience of infirmaries about EMR To mensurate satisfaction from EMR in class A infirmary To bring forth a checklist for bettermentMethodology:Overview: Assorted surveies which has been done globally has been surveies to happen out statement of job, since no such survey has been found in Indian context, so all premises from other states has been considered as relevant. Sing the less version of EMR usage, this survey tries to happen out existent versus perceptual advantages, disadvantages and functionality etc to acquire the clear image. Sample: entire four infirmaries have been selected under two different scenes for comparing. Each scene has two infirmaries of same sort. For easiness both scenes have been given name class A and class B. Class A infirmary are EMR user infirmary while class B infirmary are holding their ain infirmary information system in topographic point along with the paper record. For easiness footings category A and B in whole papers alternatively of EMR user and EMR nonuser infirmaries Sample size: Excluding 4 IT caputs, entire 120 responses has been collected form clinical staffs, which includes physicians, occupants, caputs of sections and nurses etc. Thirty responses from each infirmary have been collected. Questionnaire: questionnaires had been used for roll uping informations from both category infirmaries. Questions are of near ended, rated on the footing of likert graduated table from 1-5. Response recording has besides been done for happening out the jobs, so that better suggestions can be made. Interviewing: in deepness interviews has been taken by IT caputs of all the four infirmaries to understand all the factors from their point of position, and to understand their return on different jobs addressed by their clinical staff. Since none of the infirmary is utilizing EHR, so complete survey had been done about EMR merely. Data aggregation had been done as follows- Questionnaires have been used for roll uping informations from medical staff. In depth interview with IT caputs of all the four sections Reappraisal of literature related to EMR Reappraisal of the literature to understand perceptual experience of medical professionals sing EMR usage. Inclusion standards: to guarantee cogency of sample, two inquiries were set in questionnaire. Harmonizing to that who were working in infirmary for more than three months ; were eligible. Another inclusion standard was straight related to patient attention. Those who were utilizing computing machine for come ining patient information/ recovering patient information/ trial consequence retrieval etc ; were eligible.Literature reappraisalThere are many maps associated with patient wellness records. This record is non merely used to document patient attention, but it besides used for entering fiscal and legal information and research and quality betterment intents. ( Young, Kathleen M. ) The conventional paper-based medical record has several restrictions. Though this traditional method is utile for entering patient ‘s inside informations for work outing medical issues, tracking down patients and for organizing in health care procedure, but it has so many disadvantages. These types of records are frequently ailing indexed and sometimes illegible, fragmented, because these records are manus written. The most disadvantageous factor of utilizing this method is that the medical record would be accessible to merely one individual at a clip. These medical records can non be made available to everyone at the same clip. Last but non least there is the job of storage of paper record, most of the times these are non stored decently, which in bend cause failure in retrieval of information, whenever required. Medical record is systematic certification of a individual patient ‘s medical history and attention across clip within one peculiar wellness attention supplier. The medical record includes a assortment of types of â€Å" notes † entered over clip by wellness attention professionals, entering observations and disposal of drugs and therapies, orders for the disposal of drugs and therapies, trial consequences, x-rays, studies, etc. The electronic wellness record ( EHR ) provides the chance for healthcare organisations to better quality of attention and patient safety. â€Å" The greatest challenge in the new universe of incorporate health care bringing is to supply comprehensive, dependable, relevant, accessible, and seasonably patient information to each member of the health care squad, whether in primary or secondary attention and whether a physician, nurse, allied wellness professional, or patient/consumer † ( Schloeffel ) An electronic medical record ( EMR ) is a computerized medical created in an organisation that delivers care, such as a infirmary or doctor ‘s office. Electronic medical records tend to be a portion of a local stand-alone wellness information system that allows storage, retrieval and alteration of records. Some definitions: Harmonizing to National Alliance for Health Information Technology ( NAHIT ) EMR: The electronic record of health-related information on an person that is created, gathered, managed, and consulted by accredited clinicians and staff from a individual organisation who are involved in the person ‘s wellness and attention. EHR: The aggregative electronic record of health-related information on an person that is created and gathered cumulatively across more than one wellness attention organisation and is managed and consulted by accredited clinicians and staff involved in the person ‘s wellness and attention.Purpose of medical record:The chief intent of medical records and medical notes is to record and pass on information about patients and their attention. If notes are non organised and completed decently, it can take to defeat, argument, clinical mishap and judicial proceeding. medical records are now used non merely as a comprehensive record of attention but besides as a beginning of informations for hospital service activity coverage, supervising the public presentation of infirmaries and for audit and research. Many of the causes of inaccurate clinical cryptography of this secondary informations are rooted in the quality of medical notes History of Electronic Medical Records: Doctors are expected to document brushs they have with patients to guarantee important information for decision-making is recorded and actions taken are besides recorded. Documentation is besides required as an archival record of what happened in instances of difference. To a great extent, physicians resent the undertaking of certification, as it detracts from their primary undertaking: taking attention of patients. Doctors besides resent the duplicate of attempt required with certification, as every medicine that is written on a prescription tablet, every lab trial ordered, every X ray ordered has to be re-written in the chart to keep a good record. Communication between practicians is hard as in many instances the information collected is fragmented, often excess and voluminous. Finally, doctors are invariably inundated with new information and have no tools to assist them integrate new techniques and interventions into their daily activities, other than utilizing their memories or holding to tote around big text editions. The thought of entering patient information electronically alternatively of on paper -the Electronic Medical Record ( EMR ) -has been around since the late 1960 ‘s, when Larry Weed introduced the construct of the Problem Oriented Medical Record into medical pattern. Until so, physician ‘s normally recorded merely their diagnosings and the intervention they provided. Weed ‘s invention was to bring forth a record that would let a 3rd party to independently verify the diagnosing. In 1972, the Regenstreif Institute developed the first medical records system. Although the construct was widely hailed as a major progress in medical pattern, doctors did non flock to the engineering. In 1991, the Institute of Medicine, a extremely respected think armored combat vehicle in the US recommended that by the twelvemonth 2000, every doctor should be utilizing computing machines in their pattern to better patient attention and made policy recommendations on how to accomplish that end. Advantages OF THE EHR: advantages of EHR can be divided as following-1 ) Clinical resultsa ) Quality of attention: Improving quality of attention is one of the chief focal points of many EHR surveies. Quality of attention has been defined as â€Å" making the right thing at the right clip in the right manner to the right individual and holding the best possible consequences † , in short â€Å" a procedure for doing strategic picks in wellness systems † .A Quality of attention includes six dimensions, effectivity, efficiency, patient safety, handiness or seasonableness, just entree, and patient-centeredness or acceptableness, but most EHR research has focused on the first three. Last three constituents needed more research in their corresponding Fieldss. Erstwhile patients may non adhere to outdo pattern guidelines ; even the suppliers have best purpose. This sort of state of affairs can originate due to assorted factors like- Clinicians are non cognizant with the guidelines. Clinicians may non recognize that a peculiar guideline applies to a given patient. Lack of clip during the patient visit. EHR systems proved rather effectual in managing such sort of issues and improved attachment rates. For illustration, research workers found that computerized physician reminders increased the usage of grippe and pneumococcal inoculations from practically 0 % to 35 % and 50 % , severally, for hospitalized patients ( exter PR, Perkins S, Overhage JM, et al. ) . Similarity other surveies with computerized reminders on inoculation rates, shows important better attachment to immunisation guidelines. Lower berths the hazard of disease eruptions in communities: There are many other researches have conducted that focused on other preventative services and studied consequence of EHRs on different results to better attention efficaciously. Willson et Al found in his survey on hospitalized patients that after implementing computerized reminders targeted to hospital nurses, there is 5 % decrease in the development of force per unit area ulcer after 6 months. It proves a important association between computerized reminders and hazard of disease. Effective wellness attention bringing: Research workers have besides found that there is a profound relation between EHRs and efficiency in wellness attention bringing. Here efficiency refers to the turning away of blowing resources, including supplies, medical equipment, money, thoughts, and energy. One such signifier of waste involves excess diagnostic testing. Performing excess trials is dearly-won and may take to more false-positive consequences, which will so take to even more costs. Tierney et Al found a 14.3 % lessening in the figure of diagnostic trials ordered per visit and a 12.9 % lessening in diagnostic trial costs per visit when utilizing an EHR with CDS and CPOE constituents. Other, unrelated surveies found an 18 % lessening in trials ordered for medical visits in the exigency section, a 27 % lessening in excess research lab trials of antiepileptic medicine degrees in hospitalized patients, and a 24 % decrease in excess research lab trials in a infirmary. Reduced medicine mistakes: A well-known survey group found in their survey that merely presenting CPOE system reduced serious medicine mistake by 55 % in the infirmary scene. Whereas subsequently in followup survey the same group expert found that, these medicine mistakes can be reduced every bit much as 86 % by adding CDS system together with CPOE system. A similar, more recent survey in the outpatient puting found that cybernation resulted in an mistake rate decrease from 18.2 % to 8.2 % . ( Devine EB, Hansen RN, Wilson-Norton JL, et al. ) . On the other manus many other surveies have concluded that by presenting computerised system, the figure of appropriate medicine orders affecting dosing degrees or dosing frequence can be increased. Better clinical result: Many of the surveies besides focused on clinical results. Randomized test research design used for carry oning these surveies in a clinical scene. An extra organic structure of literature has examined, observationally, comparing of public presentation in between infirmaries that implemented EHRs and other computerized capablenesss with its opposite numbers that have non. For illustration, Menachemi et Al found that Florida infirmaries with greater investings in EHR engineerings had more desirable rates on a assortment of normally used quality indexs. Patient Safety: The challenge of reading handwritten notes, orders, and prescriptions has been eliminated with the EHR. Patients ‘ chart information is clear and legible. Reports and letters to other specializers and patients are comprehensive, professional, and easy to make. Chart information is ever accessible and found in the same topographic point. Paper charts, on the other manus, can go littered with a batch of necessary but misplaced information.2 ) Organisational results:Surveies analyzing organisational results have focused on EHR usage in both the inmate and outpatient scenes. Such results have often included increased gross, averted costs, and other benefits that are less touchable, such as improved legal and regulative conformity, improved ability to carry on research, and increased job/career satisfaction among doctors. Increased gross comes from multiple beginnings, including improved charge capture/decrease in charge mistakes, improved hard currency flow, and enh anced gross. Several writers have asserted that EHRs aid suppliers in accurately capturing patient charges in a timely mode ( Schmitt KF, Wofford DA ) Electronically available patient information generated so many efficiencies, which straight help in debaring cost. Some of these efficiency includes increased use of trials, reduced staff needed for patient direction, decreased written text costs, reduced costs associating to supplies needed to keep paper files, and the costs associating to chart pulls. EHRs besides cut down the redundant usage of trial or the demand to get off difficult transcripts of trial study to all suppliers that save money and clip of organisation. ( Chen P, Tanasijevic MJ, Schoenenberger RA, et Al ) . Surveies have besides shown that holding an EHR can cut down written text costs through electronically available structured certification processs instead than a paper file. ( Agrawal A. ) In add-on, research workers in Massachusetts have found that doctors utilizing an EHR had fewer paid malpractice claims. They found a doctor without EHR have much higher ( 10.6 % ) history of paid malpractice claims compared to those doctors with EHRs ( 6.1 % ) . This decrease is potentially the consequence of better communicating among health professionals, increased discernability and completeness of patient records, and increased attachment to clinical guidelines.3 ) Social results:Another less touchable benefit associated with EHRs is an improved ability to carry on research. As patient informations stored electronically that makes handiness of informations much easier which leads excessively many quantitative analyses to place evidence-based best patterns more easy ( A Aspden P.A ) . Furthermore, public wellness and other interdisciplinary research workers are actively utilizing electronic clinical informations that are existent informations aggregated across populations to brin g forth good research determination, which is good to society. Till today handiness of clinical informations is much limited but as suppliers will get down utilizing EHRs, this dataset will besides get down turning. Subsequently by uniting this clinical information with more informations from other beginnings like nonprescription medicine purchases and school absenteeism rates, our researches and public wellness organisation can break supervise disease eruptions and better surveillance of possible biological menaces ( Kukafka R, Ancker JS, Chan C, et Al ) . Research workers have besides found an association between EHR usage and physician satisfaction with their current pattern, A together with their calling satisfaction.A Harmonizing to many surveies, physician satisfaction should be a precedence in wellness attention organisations, because it is associated with better quality of attention, better prescribing behaviors, and increased keeping in medical patterns, peculiarly those in underserved countries. ( A Elder KT, Wiltshire JC, Rooks RN, et al.A ) Chaudhry et al noted that a big proportion of the surveies that found benefits from EHR were conducted in a selected figure of academic medical Centres in infirmary scene. Due to this ground many research workers are besides seting a inquiry about the generalisation of identified benefits of EHR in existent universe where they may neither hold similar fiscal and human resources nor a decades-long committedness to wellness information engineering. More research on the varying types and grades of benefits associated with EHR is warranted, particularly in community scenes such as physician patterns and non-academic infirmary scenes.Barriers TO THE EHRAlthough Electronic Health Records ( EHRs ) bring enormous benefits to patient attention and to the health-care supplier, usage of the ambulatory EHR alternatively of the paper chart did non become widespread among the independent doctors during the 1990s. Even though the motive of improved patient attention and handiness of medical informa tions was present, health-care suppliers were hesitating to get down utilizing this medical tool. Specii hundred grounds have been hypothesized for the deficiency of EHR execution, and they are outlined below.A Lack of Standards for EHR SystemsThe content within the systems did non hold uniformity for compatibility or interoperability. Assorted plans offered different characteristics and the exchange of informations was non possible. Besides, criterions for the security of confidential information through encoding or informations unity had non been set. The quality of EHR plans and computing machine webs was non sufficiently dependable to forestall downtime, therefore ensuing at times in the deficiency of entree to patient information or medical information. Data for clinical protocols, direction of patient attention, and determination support through algorithms were non yet standard for EHRs.Unknown Cost and Return on InvestmentHealth-care suppliers found it hard to accurately ciph er costs and Return on Investment ( ROI ) with the usage of an EHR. The full cost of an EHR includes the package purchase monetary value, extra computing machine hardware, execution including the preparation of staff, customization of the system, ongoing proficient support, system care, and future plan ascents. Measuring ROI includes intangible, unmeasurable, and nonfinancial information, such as improved patient attention, patient safety, and more efficient procedures. Measurable ROI includes addition in income from more accurate cryptography, greater clip efficiency as a consequence of rapid chart certification, expanded patient burden because of this efficiency, and decreased office supply costs such as paper, charts, and printing supplies. It was hard to accurately cipher costs and ROI with the usage of an EHR.Difficult to OperateDoctors perceived that it took more clip for informations entry than handwriting. A physician order signifier may hold been simpler to handwrite than t o treat through a computing machine system. Learning where the information should be entered or accessed was complicated and computing machines were non ever accessible at the point of attention. System warnings and medical qui vives incorporating critical information had non been developed. The long-run benefit were hard for some health care suppliers to value over the sensed troubles of operationSignificant Changes in Clinic ProceduresAlthough an EHR can be customized for specific medical patterns, there is ever some procedure alteration required by the supplier and medical staff. An EHR may convey a more stiff construction for come ining information than tossing through a paper chart. Adapting to new criterions of operation for come ining and turn uping information can be hard ab initio. Some EHRs have specifications or specific modus operandis for practising medical specialty that the supplier may non accommodate to easy. The health-care supplier may non be able to turn to and a nalyse jobs in the same ways that may hold been done in the yesteryear, even though the information in an EHR is more thorough and immediately available. New tools for improved patient attention require retraining, new procedures, and alterations in the medical pattern civilization.Lack of Trust and SafetyA concern for the security of the medical record stored electronically alternatively of on paper is common. Health-care suppliers may be concerned that the electronic medical record could be altered without their consent or cognition. Suppliers must hold the confidence that the medical records are safely stored for future handiness. Power outages, computing machine â€Å" clangs, † viruses, concerns about equal backup, and so on are issues suppliers must get the better of to be confident in utilizing an EHR.Use of EHR plans, peculiarly in the small- to moderate-sized patterns, is spread outing quickly. About 78 per centum of doctors in private pattern are within this market group of eight or fewer physicians. With the explosive growing of EHR execution in this section of the medical community, a great demand has been generated for both clerical and clinical support staffs that have professional preparation and exposure to the EHR. Concerns about the passage from traditional paper charts to EHRs are now being overcome. Many of the concerns expressed about EHRs have been addressed more to the full in recent old ages. Although the motives vary from a pattern desiring to merely â€Å" go paperless † to another pattern desiring to better patient attention, medical clinics are rapidly acknowledging the unbelievable tool the EHR is conveying to the medical pattern.Disadvantages of EMROn the reverse of advantages some writers have identified several possible disadvantage of utilizing EHRs. These include fiscal issues, alterations in work flow, impermanent loss of productiveness associated with EHR acceptance, privateness and security concerns, and sever al unintended effects. Significant cost: A major ground for deterrence for following and implementing EHR is its cost. It includes loss of gross associated with impermanent loss of productiveness, declines in gross, acceptance and execution costs and on-going care costs. Here EHR acceptance and execution costs includes buying and installation hardware and package, change overing paper charts to electronic 1s, and preparation of end-users. Different surveies documented this cost in both inmate and outpatient scenes. Like a survey conducted in 2002 at a 280-bed ague attention infirmary, the projected entire cost for a 7-year-long EHR installing undertaking was about US $ 19 million. In the outpatient scene, early research workers estimated an mean initial cost of US $ 50,000-US $ 70,000 per doctor for a three-physician office. However, as EHR engineerings have become more platitude over the past decennary, the initial cost of systems has come down dramatically ( Schmitt KF ) , ( Agrawal A ) Care cost besides can be cumbersome as hardware needs to replace clip to clip and package demands to upgrade on regular footing. In add-on, suppliers must hold ongoing preparation and support for the end-users of an EHR. Harmonizing to one survey conducted on 14 solo or small-group primary attention patterns, estimated on-going EHR care costs averaged US $ 8412 per FTE supplier per twelvemonth. Out of entire cost around 91 % of this was related to hardware replacing, seller package care and support fees, and payments for information systems staff or external contractors ( Fleming NS, Culler SD, McCorkle R, et Al ) Break of work-flows for medical staff and suppliers: Another major disadvantage of implementing EHRs is break of everyday work-flow for medical-staff or supplier, which consequences to loss of impermanent productiveness. This break may be because of preparation of end-users which potentially leads to loss in gross. One survey that involved several internal medical specialty clinics estimated, a productiveness loss of 20 % in the first month, 10 % in the 2nd month, and 5 % in the 3rd month before productiveness return to its original degrees as in get downing ( Wang SJ, Middleton B, Prosser LA, et al. ) Research workers besides have estimated that EHR end-users spent around 134.2 hours on execution activities that includes acquiring and larning a new system. These hours spent on nonclinical duties had an estimated cost of US $ 10,325 per doctor ( Fleming NS, Culler SD, McCorkle R, et al. ) Hazard of patient privateness misdemeanors: Another possible drawback of EHRs is the hazard of patient privateness misdemeanors, which is an increasing concern for patients due to the increasing sum of wellness information exchanged electronically between suppliers. To face such sort of state of affairss, policymakers have taken steps to guarantee safety and privateness of patient informations. For illustration, recent statute law has imposed ordinances specifically associating to the electronic exchange of wellness information that strengthen bing Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act privateness and security policies. Although few electronic informations are 100 % secure, the strict demands set Forth by the new statute law make it much more hard for electronic informations to be accessed unsuitably. ( Zurita L, Nohr C. Patient sentiment: EHR appraisal from the users perspective. ( Stud Health Technol Inform. ) Not merely acts do interchanging electronic wellness informations secure but besides many infirmaries and doctors are implementing rigorous regulations like no tolerance punishments for employees who entree files unsuitably. For illustration, a infirmary in Arizona terminated several employees after they unsuitably accessed the records of victims who were hospitalized after the January 2011 hiting affecting a US Congresswoman. ( Innes S. ) Although privateness will probably go on to be a concern for patients, many stairss are being taken by policymakers and single organisations to guarantee that EHRs comply with the rigorous Torahs and ordinances intended to guarantee the privateness of clinical information.Decrease face-to-face clip with patients, depersonalize brushsEHRs may do several unintended effects, such as increased medical mistakes, negative emotions, alterations in power construction, and overdependence on engineering. ( Campbell EM, Sittig DF, Ash JS, et al. ) Research workers have found an association between increased medical mistakes and CPOE due to faulty system or untrained end-user. Additionally, end-users of an EHR may see strong emotional responses as they struggle to accommodate to new engineering and breaks in their work flow. Changes in the power construction of an organisation may besides happen due to the execution of an EHR which makes it rather more machine-controlled. For illustration, a doc tor may lose his or her liberty in doing patient determinations because an EHR blocks the ordination of certain trials or medicines. Overdependence on engineering may besides go an issue for suppliers as they become more reliant upon itInvention credence:The beginnings of attitude and behaviour day of the month back to every bit early as 1862, when psychologists began developing theories demoing how attitude wedged behaviour. Those surveies by societal psychologists continued and in 1925, many new theories emerged proposing that â€Å" attitudes could explicate human actions † ( Ajzen & A ; Fishbein, 1980, p. 13 ) Several theoretical accounts have been developed and utilized to analyse the credence of engineering. Some of the of import theoretical accounts are as follows-Theory of Reasoned Action ( TRA )Harmonizing to this theoretical account, a individual ‘s behaviour is determined by his/her behavioural purposes ( BI ) to execute that behaviour. That BI is itself determined by both a individual ‘s attitude toward the behaviour and subjective norm refering the behaviour.Theory of Planned Behavior ( TPB )The theory of planned behaviour was proposed by Icek Ajzen in 1985 through his article â€Å" From purposes to actions: A theory of planned behaviour. † The theory was developed from the theory of sound action, which was proposed by Martin Fishbein together with Icek Ajzen in 1975. Harmonizing to the theory of sound action, if people evaluate the suggested behaviour as positive ( attitude ) , and if they think their important others want them to execute the behaviour ( subje ctive norm ) , this consequences in a higher purpose ( motive ) and they are more likely to make so.Technology Acceptance Model ( TAM )Based on the theory of sound Action, Davis ( 1986 ) developed the Technology Acceptance Model which deals more specifically with the anticipation of the acceptableness of an information system. This theoretical account suggests that the acceptableness of an information system is determined by two chief factors: perceived usefulness and sensed easiness of usage. Perceived utility is defined as being the grade to which a individual believes that the usage of a system will better his public presentation. Perceived easiness of usage refers to the grade to which a individual believes that the usage of a system will be effortless Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology ( UTAUT ) The UTAUT purposes to explicate user purposes to utilize an information system and subsequent use behaviour. The theory holds that four key concepts ( public presentation anticipation, attempt anticipation, societal influence, and easing conditions ) are direct determiners of usage purpose and behavior. Gender, age, experience, and voluntariness of usage are posited to intercede the impact of the four key concepts on usage purpose and behaviour.Factors Affecting EMR AcceptanceAcceptance is defined as the willingness within a user group to use information engineering to the undertakings it is designed to back up ( Dillon & A ; Morris, 1996 ) . Many research workers have stressed the importance of credence survey. For illustration, Kirk ( 2003 ) urged pressing actions on supplying legal and societal model for credence andintroduction of EMR. Likewise, Gefen ( 2003 ) , Zdon ( 1998 ) , Anderson ( 1997 ) , Moore ( 1996 ) , Baroudi ( 1986 ) , Bardram ( 1997 ) , Bowers ( 1995 ) , Graham ( 1996 ) , and Hubona ( 1996 ) , all discussed similar issue. Furthermore, past experiences show that the attempt to present EMR will ensue in failure and unforeseen effects if their proficient facets are over emphatic and their societal and organisational factors such as the user credence and the diffusion of information system are overlooked ( Gefen, 2003, Anderson, 1999, Moore, 1996 ) . Kirk ( 2003 ) has noted that presently there is no societal model for EMR credence. The closest model theoretical account, which measures perceived usefulness and sensed easiness of usage, that can be adopted is the Technology Acceptance Model ( TAM ) proposed by Davis ( 1989 ) . Tsiknakis ( 2002 ) , Einarson ( 1993 ) , and Neilder ( 1997 ) added that hapless presentation of patient ‘s informations can take to ill informed clinical professionals, medicine mistakes, inappropriate repeat of probe, unneeded referrals, and waste of clinical clip and other resources. Indeed, hapless presentation of patient ‘s information is an interface issue, which warrants more investigation.In obtaining the user credence of wellness attention, peculiarly its system interface, Rosenbaum ( 1998 ) proposed six successful techniques: Involving the user community in needs analysis and demands definition. Designating members of the user community who are involved in the system design as don ( people who receive first preparation and extended preparation ) . Conducting undertaking analysis of the full work procedure, non merely the partsinvolving the clinical information system. Performing user surveies of preliminary paper and pencil paradigms with typical users. Conducting iterative serviceability testing of consecutive paradigms. Visiting infirmaries and other scenes of usage to detect the work procedure, usage of predecessor systems, and beta-test installing Surveies statistics: There is scarce of surveies sing EMR usage in Indian context. Results of some relevant surveies are as follows- Consequence of a research done by Sequist et Al was as follows- The overall response rate was 56 % . Of reacting clinicians, 66 % felt that the EHR execution procedure was positive. One-third ( 35 % ) believed that the EHR improved overall quality of attention, with many ( 39 % ) feeling that it decreased the quality of the patient-doctor interaction. One-third of clinicians ( 34 % ) reported consistent usage of electronic reminders, and self-report that EHRs improve quality was strongly associated with increased use of the EHR ( odds ratio 3.03, 95 % assurance interval 1.05-8.8 ) . The bulk ( 87 % ) of clinicians felt that information engineering could potentially better quality of attention in rural and underserved scenes through the usage of tools such as on-line information beginnings, telemedicine plans, and electronic wellness records. In a survey conducted in the United States, the most normally cited barriers to utilize of EMR systems in infirmaries were unequal capital for purchase ( 74 % ) , care costs ( 44 % ) , opposition on the portion of doctors ( 36 % ) , ill-defined return on investing ( 32 % ) , and deficiency of handiness of trained staff ( 30 % ) . Hospitals that had adopted EMR systems were less likely to mention four of these five concerns ( all except doctors ‘ opposition ) as major barriers to acceptance than were infirmaries that had non adopted such systems. When most of the infirmaries or professionals speaking approximately high cost of EMR, a cost benefit analysis of EMR in primary attention done by Wang et Al shows, In the 5-year cost-benei ¬?t theoretical account ( Table 3 ) , the net benei ¬?t of implementing a full electronic medical record system was $ 86,400 per supplier. Of this sum, nest eggs in drug outgos made up the largest proportion of the benei ¬?ts ( 33 % of the sum ) . Of the staying classs, about half of the entire nest eggs came from decreased radiology use ( 17 % ) , decreased charge mistakes ( 15 % ) and betterments in charge gaining control ( 15 % ) . Though non all benei ¬?ts of an electronic medical record are mensurable in i ¬?nancial footings ; other benei ¬?ts include improved quality of attention, reduced medical mistakes, and better entree to information.CURRENT SCENARIO IN INDIAThe Department of Information Technology ( DIT ) , Ministry of Communication an Information Technology ( MCIT ) have funded several undertakings during the past decennary for development of IT based Healthcare solutions. During the class of these undertakings, the demand for a standard EHR for the state has been strongly felt for interoperable health-care solutions. During the meetings of the National Knowledge Commission for making the national wellness information sciences vision for India, the demand for standard EHR with unafraid storage and entree of EHRs in a storage system crossing. TheA currentA wayA ofA developingA andA usingA healthcareA informationA storeA systemsA hasA led toA aA chaoticA stateA ofA affairsA dueA toA followingA grounds: aˆ? TheyA haveA beenA developedA independentlyA andA doA notA easilyA interoperateA withA each other. aˆ? TheyA followA theirA ownA conventionA ofA making, A maintaining, A andA storingA Electronic HealthA RecordsA ( EHRs ) A ofA patients. aˆ? IfA aA patientA isA treatedA atA differentA hospitalsA atA differentA cases, A differentA EHRs areA generatedA andA storedA forA theA sameA patientA byA theA twoA differentA information systemsA inA useA atA theA twoA hospitals.A AA singleA EHRA forA anA individualA isA desirable irrespectiveA ofA his/herA timeA andA placeA ofA intervention. aˆ? EachA systemA hasA itsA ownA wayA ofA creatingA andA managingA itsA storageA ofA EHRs. Obviously, A such A an A information A shop A is A based A on A both A relational A database engineering, A due A to its A ubiquitousness A and A adulthood A in A pull offing A big A volume A of information, A andA mediaA storageA package, A forA exampleA XrayA pictureA file awaying. DifferentA systemsA useA differentA relationalA databasesA andA differentA mediaA storage softwareA makingA dataA transferA acrossA systemsA impossible/inconvenient. aˆ? MostA ofA theA existingA systemsA useA centralizedA storage, A leadingA toA limitedA scalability andA poorA reliabilityA ( singleA pointA ofA failure ) . AsA aA consequence, A itA hasA becomeA difficultA toA exchangeA EHRsA acrossA differentA systemsA andA to haveA aA unifiedA informationA systemA toA dealA withA oneA EHRA perA person, A irrespective ofA theA timeA andA placeA ofA treatmentA ofA anA person.