Comparing the Poetry of Gary Snyder and Ruth Stone Essay -- Comparison

Comparing the Poetry of Gary Snyder and Ruth Stone Gary Snyder is not only a poet, but a preacher of sorts. His poems carry powerful messages about getting back to your roots. His poems contain strong themes of anti-consumerism and spirituality. "Facts" is a short piece consisting of facts on consumerism in America. This piece warns of the dangers of over consumption and lack of moderation. In some cases, however, Snyder does appear far too extreme in his views, like in "By Frazier Creek Falls" where is says "We could live on this Earth / Without clothes or tools." This theme of "primitivism" is a common theme in Snyder's poetry. Many of his poems are about nature and the "uncivilized" world. the settings of his poems are often woods, lakes, mountain trails, or other similar uninhabited uncultivated areas. Snyder's poetry is sometimes political activism in disguise. "Four Changes" is less like a poem and more like an environmental extremist's manifesto. Each of the "changes" closes with a suggestion of what type of soci al or political action to take in order to make the aforementioned change occur. Loss is a major theme in Ruth Stone's poetry, although her poems are rarely depressing as one might expect from loss poems. Instead, her poems contain a bitter yet sharp tone of humor. She writes about the loss of her husband, old lovers, her mother, and the past. Stone also writes about the dangers of getting too caught up in the modern world and losing touch with our roots. In "The Solution" she refers to "My friend the Supermarket" which brings her gratification in several ways. In "Lullaby" she writes about babies who kiss their computer goodnight and tells how they program computers after putting on thei... ...aired Mother† and writes many poems about mothers. Both Snyder and Stone make use of strong concrete images in their poems. In â€Å"The Bath† Snyder appeals to almost all of the senses by talking about the â€Å"crackle of waterdrops† and â€Å"the scent of cedar† and his wife entering the sauna, â€Å"letting in cool air.† In â€Å"Simplicity† Stone’s intense use of adjectives and figurative language creates strong images in the reader’s mind. She describes her surroundings as â€Å"wrinkled skin on a cup of boiled milk† an describes â€Å"the water’s muscular flow.† The writings of both poets can be described as both simple and complex at the same time, just like the world they’re writing about. While on a purely literal level you may be reading about loss, family, traveling, or nature, all of the poems have a deeper meaning about these topics that the poet leaves the reader to discover.

Lack Of Standards For Ehr Health And Social Care Essay

In 21st century Information Technology played an sole function in upper limit of the Fieldss ; nevertheless, health care is one noticeable exclusion. Harmonizing to surveies, U.S. infirmaries and multiple-facility wellness systems are â€Å" merely get downing to round out their clinical webs, but are much farther along than physician patterns. † ( David B. Meinert ) While many inmate or infirmary installations migrating from paper charts to electronic records, but a small advancement has been made in the ambulatory or outpatient scene. Vast bulk medical professionals including doctors have been loath to utilize electronic medical records and go on to trust on paper records. Paper medical records are informations rich by nature, but information is hapless as doctors and other wellness attention suppliers have limited clip to delve through volumes of paper to recover information, use it in decision-making and/or portion it with patients. EMR/EHR systems hold enormous promise fo r non merely bettering the measure and quality of clinical informations that can be recorded, but more significantly the ability to entree wellness attention informations to better quality of attention. This survey will seek to see the perceptual experience of medical professionals towards Electronic medical record. Study has been done as a comparative survey among two different types of scenes that is hospital which are utilizing EMR ( paperless infirmaries that is category A ) and infirmaries which are holding their ain information system where the paper-based medical records are scanned and used ( Category B infirmaries ) . Electronic Medical Record ( EMR ) Harmonizing to the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society ( HIMSS ) , an EMR is a constituent of an electronic wellness record which is owned by the health care supplier. ( Dr. Chris Hobson ) This engineering, when to the full developed, meets provider demands for real-time informations entree and rating in medical attention. EMR besides provides the mechanism for longitudinal informations storage and entree. The content of an EMR is correspondent to the paper record, but the electronic format creates useable informations in medical result surveies, improves the efficiency of attention, and makes for more efficient communicating among suppliers and easier direction of wellness programs. ( Electronic Medical Record: The Link to a Better Future, Texas Medical Association ) Electronic Health Record ( EHR ) is an electronic version of a patient ‘s medical history, that is maintained by the supplier over clip, These have been used extensively by general practicians in many developed states and include patient designation inside informations, medicines and prescription coevals, laboratory consequences and in some instances all healthcare information recorded by the physician during each visit by the patient. ( Electronic wellness records: manual for developing states. WHO ) EHRs are the following measure in the continued advancement of health care that can beef up the relationship between patients and clinicians.A The informations, seasonableness and handiness of it, will enable suppliers to take better determinations and provide quality attention. For illustration, the EHR can better patient attention by: Reducing the incidence of medical mistake by bettering the truth and lucidity of medical records. Making the wellness information available, cut downing duplicate of trials, cut downing holds in intervention, and patients good informed to take better determinations. Reducing medical mistake by bettering the truth and lucidity of medical records.Background:Hospital information systems ( HIS ) and Electronic Medical Records ( EMRs ) are considered requirements for the efficient bringing of high quality wellness attention in infirmaries. However, a big figure of legal and practical restraints influence on the design and debut of such systems ( Dick RS, Steen EB ) Hence, many EMR execution undertakings do non take at presenting the EMR and extinguishing the paper-based opposite number in one measure ( Laerum H ) . As a start, the EMR is introduced along with its paper-based opposite number, and both are kept updated. In such environments, wellness attention workers have to cover with a intercrossed electronic and paper-based solution. This likely limits the usage of EMR ( Laerum H ) . Furthermore, mistakes are prone to develop due to cumbersome care of the medical record information in double storage media. In many states, most hospital EMR undertakings have non passed beyond this stage ( Dick RS, Steen EB )Electronic Medical Records- the altering tendency:aˆ? Paper based records are being bit by bit replaced by computing machine based records ( which is in being in the West since 2 decennaries ) aˆ? It has non achieved the same incursion in health care as in finance or other industry. Deployment varies in statesAims:To reexamine already bing information system of both class of infirmaries To happen out existent versus perceptual troubles while utilizing EMR both classs infirmaries To analyze the overall perceptual experience of infirmaries about EMR To mensurate satisfaction from EMR in class A infirmary To bring forth a checklist for bettermentMethodology:Overview: Assorted surveies which has been done globally has been surveies to happen out statement of job, since no such survey has been found in Indian context, so all premises from other states has been considered as relevant. Sing the less version of EMR usage, this survey tries to happen out existent versus perceptual advantages, disadvantages and functionality etc to acquire the clear image. Sample: entire four infirmaries have been selected under two different scenes for comparing. Each scene has two infirmaries of same sort. For easiness both scenes have been given name class A and class B. Class A infirmary are EMR user infirmary while class B infirmary are holding their ain infirmary information system in topographic point along with the paper record. For easiness footings category A and B in whole papers alternatively of EMR user and EMR nonuser infirmaries Sample size: Excluding 4 IT caputs, entire 120 responses has been collected form clinical staffs, which includes physicians, occupants, caputs of sections and nurses etc. Thirty responses from each infirmary have been collected. Questionnaire: questionnaires had been used for roll uping informations from both category infirmaries. Questions are of near ended, rated on the footing of likert graduated table from 1-5. Response recording has besides been done for happening out the jobs, so that better suggestions can be made. Interviewing: in deepness interviews has been taken by IT caputs of all the four infirmaries to understand all the factors from their point of position, and to understand their return on different jobs addressed by their clinical staff. Since none of the infirmary is utilizing EHR, so complete survey had been done about EMR merely. Data aggregation had been done as follows- Questionnaires have been used for roll uping informations from medical staff. In depth interview with IT caputs of all the four sections Reappraisal of literature related to EMR Reappraisal of the literature to understand perceptual experience of medical professionals sing EMR usage. Inclusion standards: to guarantee cogency of sample, two inquiries were set in questionnaire. Harmonizing to that who were working in infirmary for more than three months ; were eligible. Another inclusion standard was straight related to patient attention. Those who were utilizing computing machine for come ining patient information/ recovering patient information/ trial consequence retrieval etc ; were eligible.Literature reappraisalThere are many maps associated with patient wellness records. This record is non merely used to document patient attention, but it besides used for entering fiscal and legal information and research and quality betterment intents. ( Young, Kathleen M. ) The conventional paper-based medical record has several restrictions. Though this traditional method is utile for entering patient ‘s inside informations for work outing medical issues, tracking down patients and for organizing in health care procedure, but it has so many disadvantages. These types of records are frequently ailing indexed and sometimes illegible, fragmented, because these records are manus written. The most disadvantageous factor of utilizing this method is that the medical record would be accessible to merely one individual at a clip. These medical records can non be made available to everyone at the same clip. Last but non least there is the job of storage of paper record, most of the times these are non stored decently, which in bend cause failure in retrieval of information, whenever required. Medical record is systematic certification of a individual patient ‘s medical history and attention across clip within one peculiar wellness attention supplier. The medical record includes a assortment of types of â€Å" notes † entered over clip by wellness attention professionals, entering observations and disposal of drugs and therapies, orders for the disposal of drugs and therapies, trial consequences, x-rays, studies, etc. The electronic wellness record ( EHR ) provides the chance for healthcare organisations to better quality of attention and patient safety. â€Å" The greatest challenge in the new universe of incorporate health care bringing is to supply comprehensive, dependable, relevant, accessible, and seasonably patient information to each member of the health care squad, whether in primary or secondary attention and whether a physician, nurse, allied wellness professional, or patient/consumer † ( Schloeffel ) An electronic medical record ( EMR ) is a computerized medical created in an organisation that delivers care, such as a infirmary or doctor ‘s office. Electronic medical records tend to be a portion of a local stand-alone wellness information system that allows storage, retrieval and alteration of records. Some definitions: Harmonizing to National Alliance for Health Information Technology ( NAHIT ) EMR: The electronic record of health-related information on an person that is created, gathered, managed, and consulted by accredited clinicians and staff from a individual organisation who are involved in the person ‘s wellness and attention. EHR: The aggregative electronic record of health-related information on an person that is created and gathered cumulatively across more than one wellness attention organisation and is managed and consulted by accredited clinicians and staff involved in the person ‘s wellness and attention.Purpose of medical record:The chief intent of medical records and medical notes is to record and pass on information about patients and their attention. If notes are non organised and completed decently, it can take to defeat, argument, clinical mishap and judicial proceeding. medical records are now used non merely as a comprehensive record of attention but besides as a beginning of informations for hospital service activity coverage, supervising the public presentation of infirmaries and for audit and research. Many of the causes of inaccurate clinical cryptography of this secondary informations are rooted in the quality of medical notes History of Electronic Medical Records: Doctors are expected to document brushs they have with patients to guarantee important information for decision-making is recorded and actions taken are besides recorded. Documentation is besides required as an archival record of what happened in instances of difference. To a great extent, physicians resent the undertaking of certification, as it detracts from their primary undertaking: taking attention of patients. Doctors besides resent the duplicate of attempt required with certification, as every medicine that is written on a prescription tablet, every lab trial ordered, every X ray ordered has to be re-written in the chart to keep a good record. Communication between practicians is hard as in many instances the information collected is fragmented, often excess and voluminous. Finally, doctors are invariably inundated with new information and have no tools to assist them integrate new techniques and interventions into their daily activities, other than utilizing their memories or holding to tote around big text editions. The thought of entering patient information electronically alternatively of on paper -the Electronic Medical Record ( EMR ) -has been around since the late 1960 ‘s, when Larry Weed introduced the construct of the Problem Oriented Medical Record into medical pattern. Until so, physician ‘s normally recorded merely their diagnosings and the intervention they provided. Weed ‘s invention was to bring forth a record that would let a 3rd party to independently verify the diagnosing. In 1972, the Regenstreif Institute developed the first medical records system. Although the construct was widely hailed as a major progress in medical pattern, doctors did non flock to the engineering. In 1991, the Institute of Medicine, a extremely respected think armored combat vehicle in the US recommended that by the twelvemonth 2000, every doctor should be utilizing computing machines in their pattern to better patient attention and made policy recommendations on how to accomplish that end. Advantages OF THE EHR: advantages of EHR can be divided as following-1 ) Clinical resultsa ) Quality of attention: Improving quality of attention is one of the chief focal points of many EHR surveies. Quality of attention has been defined as â€Å" making the right thing at the right clip in the right manner to the right individual and holding the best possible consequences † , in short â€Å" a procedure for doing strategic picks in wellness systems † .A Quality of attention includes six dimensions, effectivity, efficiency, patient safety, handiness or seasonableness, just entree, and patient-centeredness or acceptableness, but most EHR research has focused on the first three. Last three constituents needed more research in their corresponding Fieldss. Erstwhile patients may non adhere to outdo pattern guidelines ; even the suppliers have best purpose. This sort of state of affairs can originate due to assorted factors like- Clinicians are non cognizant with the guidelines. Clinicians may non recognize that a peculiar guideline applies to a given patient. Lack of clip during the patient visit. EHR systems proved rather effectual in managing such sort of issues and improved attachment rates. For illustration, research workers found that computerized physician reminders increased the usage of grippe and pneumococcal inoculations from practically 0 % to 35 % and 50 % , severally, for hospitalized patients ( exter PR, Perkins S, Overhage JM, et al. ) . Similarity other surveies with computerized reminders on inoculation rates, shows important better attachment to immunisation guidelines. Lower berths the hazard of disease eruptions in communities: There are many other researches have conducted that focused on other preventative services and studied consequence of EHRs on different results to better attention efficaciously. Willson et Al found in his survey on hospitalized patients that after implementing computerized reminders targeted to hospital nurses, there is 5 % decrease in the development of force per unit area ulcer after 6 months. It proves a important association between computerized reminders and hazard of disease. Effective wellness attention bringing: Research workers have besides found that there is a profound relation between EHRs and efficiency in wellness attention bringing. Here efficiency refers to the turning away of blowing resources, including supplies, medical equipment, money, thoughts, and energy. One such signifier of waste involves excess diagnostic testing. Performing excess trials is dearly-won and may take to more false-positive consequences, which will so take to even more costs. Tierney et Al found a 14.3 % lessening in the figure of diagnostic trials ordered per visit and a 12.9 % lessening in diagnostic trial costs per visit when utilizing an EHR with CDS and CPOE constituents. Other, unrelated surveies found an 18 % lessening in trials ordered for medical visits in the exigency section, a 27 % lessening in excess research lab trials of antiepileptic medicine degrees in hospitalized patients, and a 24 % decrease in excess research lab trials in a infirmary. Reduced medicine mistakes: A well-known survey group found in their survey that merely presenting CPOE system reduced serious medicine mistake by 55 % in the infirmary scene. Whereas subsequently in followup survey the same group expert found that, these medicine mistakes can be reduced every bit much as 86 % by adding CDS system together with CPOE system. A similar, more recent survey in the outpatient puting found that cybernation resulted in an mistake rate decrease from 18.2 % to 8.2 % . ( Devine EB, Hansen RN, Wilson-Norton JL, et al. ) . On the other manus many other surveies have concluded that by presenting computerised system, the figure of appropriate medicine orders affecting dosing degrees or dosing frequence can be increased. Better clinical result: Many of the surveies besides focused on clinical results. Randomized test research design used for carry oning these surveies in a clinical scene. An extra organic structure of literature has examined, observationally, comparing of public presentation in between infirmaries that implemented EHRs and other computerized capablenesss with its opposite numbers that have non. For illustration, Menachemi et Al found that Florida infirmaries with greater investings in EHR engineerings had more desirable rates on a assortment of normally used quality indexs. Patient Safety: The challenge of reading handwritten notes, orders, and prescriptions has been eliminated with the EHR. Patients ‘ chart information is clear and legible. Reports and letters to other specializers and patients are comprehensive, professional, and easy to make. Chart information is ever accessible and found in the same topographic point. Paper charts, on the other manus, can go littered with a batch of necessary but misplaced information.2 ) Organisational results:Surveies analyzing organisational results have focused on EHR usage in both the inmate and outpatient scenes. Such results have often included increased gross, averted costs, and other benefits that are less touchable, such as improved legal and regulative conformity, improved ability to carry on research, and increased job/career satisfaction among doctors. Increased gross comes from multiple beginnings, including improved charge capture/decrease in charge mistakes, improved hard currency flow, and enh anced gross. Several writers have asserted that EHRs aid suppliers in accurately capturing patient charges in a timely mode ( Schmitt KF, Wofford DA ) Electronically available patient information generated so many efficiencies, which straight help in debaring cost. Some of these efficiency includes increased use of trials, reduced staff needed for patient direction, decreased written text costs, reduced costs associating to supplies needed to keep paper files, and the costs associating to chart pulls. EHRs besides cut down the redundant usage of trial or the demand to get off difficult transcripts of trial study to all suppliers that save money and clip of organisation. ( Chen P, Tanasijevic MJ, Schoenenberger RA, et Al ) . Surveies have besides shown that holding an EHR can cut down written text costs through electronically available structured certification processs instead than a paper file. ( Agrawal A. ) In add-on, research workers in Massachusetts have found that doctors utilizing an EHR had fewer paid malpractice claims. They found a doctor without EHR have much higher ( 10.6 % ) history of paid malpractice claims compared to those doctors with EHRs ( 6.1 % ) . This decrease is potentially the consequence of better communicating among health professionals, increased discernability and completeness of patient records, and increased attachment to clinical guidelines.3 ) Social results:Another less touchable benefit associated with EHRs is an improved ability to carry on research. As patient informations stored electronically that makes handiness of informations much easier which leads excessively many quantitative analyses to place evidence-based best patterns more easy ( A Aspden P.A ) . Furthermore, public wellness and other interdisciplinary research workers are actively utilizing electronic clinical informations that are existent informations aggregated across populations to brin g forth good research determination, which is good to society. Till today handiness of clinical informations is much limited but as suppliers will get down utilizing EHRs, this dataset will besides get down turning. Subsequently by uniting this clinical information with more informations from other beginnings like nonprescription medicine purchases and school absenteeism rates, our researches and public wellness organisation can break supervise disease eruptions and better surveillance of possible biological menaces ( Kukafka R, Ancker JS, Chan C, et Al ) . Research workers have besides found an association between EHR usage and physician satisfaction with their current pattern, A together with their calling satisfaction.A Harmonizing to many surveies, physician satisfaction should be a precedence in wellness attention organisations, because it is associated with better quality of attention, better prescribing behaviors, and increased keeping in medical patterns, peculiarly those in underserved countries. ( A Elder KT, Wiltshire JC, Rooks RN, et al.A ) Chaudhry et al noted that a big proportion of the surveies that found benefits from EHR were conducted in a selected figure of academic medical Centres in infirmary scene. Due to this ground many research workers are besides seting a inquiry about the generalisation of identified benefits of EHR in existent universe where they may neither hold similar fiscal and human resources nor a decades-long committedness to wellness information engineering. More research on the varying types and grades of benefits associated with EHR is warranted, particularly in community scenes such as physician patterns and non-academic infirmary scenes.Barriers TO THE EHRAlthough Electronic Health Records ( EHRs ) bring enormous benefits to patient attention and to the health-care supplier, usage of the ambulatory EHR alternatively of the paper chart did non become widespread among the independent doctors during the 1990s. Even though the motive of improved patient attention and handiness of medical informa tions was present, health-care suppliers were hesitating to get down utilizing this medical tool. Specii hundred grounds have been hypothesized for the deficiency of EHR execution, and they are outlined below.A Lack of Standards for EHR SystemsThe content within the systems did non hold uniformity for compatibility or interoperability. Assorted plans offered different characteristics and the exchange of informations was non possible. Besides, criterions for the security of confidential information through encoding or informations unity had non been set. The quality of EHR plans and computing machine webs was non sufficiently dependable to forestall downtime, therefore ensuing at times in the deficiency of entree to patient information or medical information. Data for clinical protocols, direction of patient attention, and determination support through algorithms were non yet standard for EHRs.Unknown Cost and Return on InvestmentHealth-care suppliers found it hard to accurately ciph er costs and Return on Investment ( ROI ) with the usage of an EHR. The full cost of an EHR includes the package purchase monetary value, extra computing machine hardware, execution including the preparation of staff, customization of the system, ongoing proficient support, system care, and future plan ascents. Measuring ROI includes intangible, unmeasurable, and nonfinancial information, such as improved patient attention, patient safety, and more efficient procedures. Measurable ROI includes addition in income from more accurate cryptography, greater clip efficiency as a consequence of rapid chart certification, expanded patient burden because of this efficiency, and decreased office supply costs such as paper, charts, and printing supplies. It was hard to accurately cipher costs and ROI with the usage of an EHR.Difficult to OperateDoctors perceived that it took more clip for informations entry than handwriting. A physician order signifier may hold been simpler to handwrite than t o treat through a computing machine system. Learning where the information should be entered or accessed was complicated and computing machines were non ever accessible at the point of attention. System warnings and medical qui vives incorporating critical information had non been developed. The long-run benefit were hard for some health care suppliers to value over the sensed troubles of operationSignificant Changes in Clinic ProceduresAlthough an EHR can be customized for specific medical patterns, there is ever some procedure alteration required by the supplier and medical staff. An EHR may convey a more stiff construction for come ining information than tossing through a paper chart. Adapting to new criterions of operation for come ining and turn uping information can be hard ab initio. Some EHRs have specifications or specific modus operandis for practising medical specialty that the supplier may non accommodate to easy. The health-care supplier may non be able to turn to and a nalyse jobs in the same ways that may hold been done in the yesteryear, even though the information in an EHR is more thorough and immediately available. New tools for improved patient attention require retraining, new procedures, and alterations in the medical pattern civilization.Lack of Trust and SafetyA concern for the security of the medical record stored electronically alternatively of on paper is common. Health-care suppliers may be concerned that the electronic medical record could be altered without their consent or cognition. Suppliers must hold the confidence that the medical records are safely stored for future handiness. Power outages, computing machine â€Å" clangs, † viruses, concerns about equal backup, and so on are issues suppliers must get the better of to be confident in utilizing an EHR.Use of EHR plans, peculiarly in the small- to moderate-sized patterns, is spread outing quickly. About 78 per centum of doctors in private pattern are within this market group of eight or fewer physicians. With the explosive growing of EHR execution in this section of the medical community, a great demand has been generated for both clerical and clinical support staffs that have professional preparation and exposure to the EHR. Concerns about the passage from traditional paper charts to EHRs are now being overcome. Many of the concerns expressed about EHRs have been addressed more to the full in recent old ages. Although the motives vary from a pattern desiring to merely â€Å" go paperless † to another pattern desiring to better patient attention, medical clinics are rapidly acknowledging the unbelievable tool the EHR is conveying to the medical pattern.Disadvantages of EMROn the reverse of advantages some writers have identified several possible disadvantage of utilizing EHRs. These include fiscal issues, alterations in work flow, impermanent loss of productiveness associated with EHR acceptance, privateness and security concerns, and sever al unintended effects. Significant cost: A major ground for deterrence for following and implementing EHR is its cost. It includes loss of gross associated with impermanent loss of productiveness, declines in gross, acceptance and execution costs and on-going care costs. Here EHR acceptance and execution costs includes buying and installation hardware and package, change overing paper charts to electronic 1s, and preparation of end-users. Different surveies documented this cost in both inmate and outpatient scenes. Like a survey conducted in 2002 at a 280-bed ague attention infirmary, the projected entire cost for a 7-year-long EHR installing undertaking was about US $ 19 million. In the outpatient scene, early research workers estimated an mean initial cost of US $ 50,000-US $ 70,000 per doctor for a three-physician office. However, as EHR engineerings have become more platitude over the past decennary, the initial cost of systems has come down dramatically ( Schmitt KF ) , ( Agrawal A ) Care cost besides can be cumbersome as hardware needs to replace clip to clip and package demands to upgrade on regular footing. In add-on, suppliers must hold ongoing preparation and support for the end-users of an EHR. Harmonizing to one survey conducted on 14 solo or small-group primary attention patterns, estimated on-going EHR care costs averaged US $ 8412 per FTE supplier per twelvemonth. Out of entire cost around 91 % of this was related to hardware replacing, seller package care and support fees, and payments for information systems staff or external contractors ( Fleming NS, Culler SD, McCorkle R, et Al ) Break of work-flows for medical staff and suppliers: Another major disadvantage of implementing EHRs is break of everyday work-flow for medical-staff or supplier, which consequences to loss of impermanent productiveness. This break may be because of preparation of end-users which potentially leads to loss in gross. One survey that involved several internal medical specialty clinics estimated, a productiveness loss of 20 % in the first month, 10 % in the 2nd month, and 5 % in the 3rd month before productiveness return to its original degrees as in get downing ( Wang SJ, Middleton B, Prosser LA, et al. ) Research workers besides have estimated that EHR end-users spent around 134.2 hours on execution activities that includes acquiring and larning a new system. These hours spent on nonclinical duties had an estimated cost of US $ 10,325 per doctor ( Fleming NS, Culler SD, McCorkle R, et al. ) Hazard of patient privateness misdemeanors: Another possible drawback of EHRs is the hazard of patient privateness misdemeanors, which is an increasing concern for patients due to the increasing sum of wellness information exchanged electronically between suppliers. To face such sort of state of affairss, policymakers have taken steps to guarantee safety and privateness of patient informations. For illustration, recent statute law has imposed ordinances specifically associating to the electronic exchange of wellness information that strengthen bing Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act privateness and security policies. Although few electronic informations are 100 % secure, the strict demands set Forth by the new statute law make it much more hard for electronic informations to be accessed unsuitably. ( Zurita L, Nohr C. Patient sentiment: EHR appraisal from the users perspective. ( Stud Health Technol Inform. ) Not merely acts do interchanging electronic wellness informations secure but besides many infirmaries and doctors are implementing rigorous regulations like no tolerance punishments for employees who entree files unsuitably. For illustration, a infirmary in Arizona terminated several employees after they unsuitably accessed the records of victims who were hospitalized after the January 2011 hiting affecting a US Congresswoman. ( Innes S. ) Although privateness will probably go on to be a concern for patients, many stairss are being taken by policymakers and single organisations to guarantee that EHRs comply with the rigorous Torahs and ordinances intended to guarantee the privateness of clinical information.Decrease face-to-face clip with patients, depersonalize brushsEHRs may do several unintended effects, such as increased medical mistakes, negative emotions, alterations in power construction, and overdependence on engineering. ( Campbell EM, Sittig DF, Ash JS, et al. ) Research workers have found an association between increased medical mistakes and CPOE due to faulty system or untrained end-user. Additionally, end-users of an EHR may see strong emotional responses as they struggle to accommodate to new engineering and breaks in their work flow. Changes in the power construction of an organisation may besides happen due to the execution of an EHR which makes it rather more machine-controlled. For illustration, a doc tor may lose his or her liberty in doing patient determinations because an EHR blocks the ordination of certain trials or medicines. Overdependence on engineering may besides go an issue for suppliers as they become more reliant upon itInvention credence:The beginnings of attitude and behaviour day of the month back to every bit early as 1862, when psychologists began developing theories demoing how attitude wedged behaviour. Those surveies by societal psychologists continued and in 1925, many new theories emerged proposing that â€Å" attitudes could explicate human actions † ( Ajzen & A ; Fishbein, 1980, p. 13 ) Several theoretical accounts have been developed and utilized to analyse the credence of engineering. Some of the of import theoretical accounts are as follows-Theory of Reasoned Action ( TRA )Harmonizing to this theoretical account, a individual ‘s behaviour is determined by his/her behavioural purposes ( BI ) to execute that behaviour. That BI is itself determined by both a individual ‘s attitude toward the behaviour and subjective norm refering the behaviour.Theory of Planned Behavior ( TPB )The theory of planned behaviour was proposed by Icek Ajzen in 1985 through his article â€Å" From purposes to actions: A theory of planned behaviour. † The theory was developed from the theory of sound action, which was proposed by Martin Fishbein together with Icek Ajzen in 1975. Harmonizing to the theory of sound action, if people evaluate the suggested behaviour as positive ( attitude ) , and if they think their important others want them to execute the behaviour ( subje ctive norm ) , this consequences in a higher purpose ( motive ) and they are more likely to make so.Technology Acceptance Model ( TAM )Based on the theory of sound Action, Davis ( 1986 ) developed the Technology Acceptance Model which deals more specifically with the anticipation of the acceptableness of an information system. This theoretical account suggests that the acceptableness of an information system is determined by two chief factors: perceived usefulness and sensed easiness of usage. Perceived utility is defined as being the grade to which a individual believes that the usage of a system will better his public presentation. Perceived easiness of usage refers to the grade to which a individual believes that the usage of a system will be effortless Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology ( UTAUT ) The UTAUT purposes to explicate user purposes to utilize an information system and subsequent use behaviour. The theory holds that four key concepts ( public presentation anticipation, attempt anticipation, societal influence, and easing conditions ) are direct determiners of usage purpose and behavior. Gender, age, experience, and voluntariness of usage are posited to intercede the impact of the four key concepts on usage purpose and behaviour.Factors Affecting EMR AcceptanceAcceptance is defined as the willingness within a user group to use information engineering to the undertakings it is designed to back up ( Dillon & A ; Morris, 1996 ) . Many research workers have stressed the importance of credence survey. For illustration, Kirk ( 2003 ) urged pressing actions on supplying legal and societal model for credence andintroduction of EMR. Likewise, Gefen ( 2003 ) , Zdon ( 1998 ) , Anderson ( 1997 ) , Moore ( 1996 ) , Baroudi ( 1986 ) , Bardram ( 1997 ) , Bowers ( 1995 ) , Graham ( 1996 ) , and Hubona ( 1996 ) , all discussed similar issue. Furthermore, past experiences show that the attempt to present EMR will ensue in failure and unforeseen effects if their proficient facets are over emphatic and their societal and organisational factors such as the user credence and the diffusion of information system are overlooked ( Gefen, 2003, Anderson, 1999, Moore, 1996 ) . Kirk ( 2003 ) has noted that presently there is no societal model for EMR credence. The closest model theoretical account, which measures perceived usefulness and sensed easiness of usage, that can be adopted is the Technology Acceptance Model ( TAM ) proposed by Davis ( 1989 ) . Tsiknakis ( 2002 ) , Einarson ( 1993 ) , and Neilder ( 1997 ) added that hapless presentation of patient ‘s informations can take to ill informed clinical professionals, medicine mistakes, inappropriate repeat of probe, unneeded referrals, and waste of clinical clip and other resources. Indeed, hapless presentation of patient ‘s information is an interface issue, which warrants more investigation.In obtaining the user credence of wellness attention, peculiarly its system interface, Rosenbaum ( 1998 ) proposed six successful techniques: Involving the user community in needs analysis and demands definition. Designating members of the user community who are involved in the system design as don ( people who receive first preparation and extended preparation ) . Conducting undertaking analysis of the full work procedure, non merely the partsinvolving the clinical information system. Performing user surveies of preliminary paper and pencil paradigms with typical users. Conducting iterative serviceability testing of consecutive paradigms. Visiting infirmaries and other scenes of usage to detect the work procedure, usage of predecessor systems, and beta-test installing Surveies statistics: There is scarce of surveies sing EMR usage in Indian context. Results of some relevant surveies are as follows- Consequence of a research done by Sequist et Al was as follows- The overall response rate was 56 % . Of reacting clinicians, 66 % felt that the EHR execution procedure was positive. One-third ( 35 % ) believed that the EHR improved overall quality of attention, with many ( 39 % ) feeling that it decreased the quality of the patient-doctor interaction. One-third of clinicians ( 34 % ) reported consistent usage of electronic reminders, and self-report that EHRs improve quality was strongly associated with increased use of the EHR ( odds ratio 3.03, 95 % assurance interval 1.05-8.8 ) . The bulk ( 87 % ) of clinicians felt that information engineering could potentially better quality of attention in rural and underserved scenes through the usage of tools such as on-line information beginnings, telemedicine plans, and electronic wellness records. In a survey conducted in the United States, the most normally cited barriers to utilize of EMR systems in infirmaries were unequal capital for purchase ( 74 % ) , care costs ( 44 % ) , opposition on the portion of doctors ( 36 % ) , ill-defined return on investing ( 32 % ) , and deficiency of handiness of trained staff ( 30 % ) . Hospitals that had adopted EMR systems were less likely to mention four of these five concerns ( all except doctors ‘ opposition ) as major barriers to acceptance than were infirmaries that had non adopted such systems. When most of the infirmaries or professionals speaking approximately high cost of EMR, a cost benefit analysis of EMR in primary attention done by Wang et Al shows, In the 5-year cost-benei ¬?t theoretical account ( Table 3 ) , the net benei ¬?t of implementing a full electronic medical record system was $ 86,400 per supplier. Of this sum, nest eggs in drug outgos made up the largest proportion of the benei ¬?ts ( 33 % of the sum ) . Of the staying classs, about half of the entire nest eggs came from decreased radiology use ( 17 % ) , decreased charge mistakes ( 15 % ) and betterments in charge gaining control ( 15 % ) . Though non all benei ¬?ts of an electronic medical record are mensurable in i ¬?nancial footings ; other benei ¬?ts include improved quality of attention, reduced medical mistakes, and better entree to information.CURRENT SCENARIO IN INDIAThe Department of Information Technology ( DIT ) , Ministry of Communication an Information Technology ( MCIT ) have funded several undertakings during the past decennary for development of IT based Healthcare solutions. During the class of these undertakings, the demand for a standard EHR for the state has been strongly felt for interoperable health-care solutions. During the meetings of the National Knowledge Commission for making the national wellness information sciences vision for India, the demand for standard EHR with unafraid storage and entree of EHRs in a storage system crossing. TheA currentA wayA ofA developingA andA usingA healthcareA informationA storeA systemsA hasA led toA aA chaoticA stateA ofA affairsA dueA toA followingA grounds: aˆ? TheyA haveA beenA developedA independentlyA andA doA notA easilyA interoperateA withA each other. aˆ? TheyA followA theirA ownA conventionA ofA making, A maintaining, A andA storingA Electronic HealthA RecordsA ( EHRs ) A ofA patients. aˆ? IfA aA patientA isA treatedA atA differentA hospitalsA atA differentA cases, A differentA EHRs areA generatedA andA storedA forA theA sameA patientA byA theA twoA differentA information systemsA inA useA atA theA twoA hospitals.A AA singleA EHRA forA anA individualA isA desirable irrespectiveA ofA his/herA timeA andA placeA ofA intervention. aˆ? EachA systemA hasA itsA ownA wayA ofA creatingA andA managingA itsA storageA ofA EHRs. Obviously, A such A an A information A shop A is A based A on A both A relational A database engineering, A due A to its A ubiquitousness A and A adulthood A in A pull offing A big A volume A of information, A andA mediaA storageA package, A forA exampleA XrayA pictureA file awaying. DifferentA systemsA useA differentA relationalA databasesA andA differentA mediaA storage softwareA makingA dataA transferA acrossA systemsA impossible/inconvenient. aˆ? MostA ofA theA existingA systemsA useA centralizedA storage, A leadingA toA limitedA scalability andA poorA reliabilityA ( singleA pointA ofA failure ) . AsA aA consequence, A itA hasA becomeA difficultA toA exchangeA EHRsA acrossA differentA systemsA andA to haveA aA unifiedA informationA systemA toA dealA withA oneA EHRA perA person, A irrespective ofA theA timeA andA placeA ofA treatmentA ofA anA person.

The Substance Of Substance Abuse Counseling - 963 Words

Journal Activity Paper The substance I decided to abstain from this semester was sugar. This was not easy. Keeping a journal gave me a place to vent my frustrations and gave me a place to look back on the process. It certainly gave me some insight into the things I was learning in this class. I knew next to nothing about substance abuse counseling before beginning this semester and I had no idea what to expect. I can say with confidence that I think I will be able to be a better school counselor as a result of the process, even if I often hated it. The beginning of this sugar abstinence experience came at a busy time in my life. The high school students where I work were in the middle of standardized testing. My son had just aged out of birth to three and therefore was in limbo between birth to three and preschool and was not receiving his usual therapies. He was very upset with this schedule change. My husband was finishing up one job and moving to another. My infant daug hter was still not sleeping through the night. I was a little annoyed that I had to add something else to my plate. As I look back on my journals, I realize that a client being asked to stop or reduce their use of a substance may feel the same way. Clients do not live in a vacuum, and they too may have busy lives and families. When I watched the third video in the SBIRT series called â€Å"Brief Negotiation Interview Reluctant Patient† (n.d.), I actually giggled a little in recognition reflexShow MoreRelatedSubstance Addictions and Abuse Counseling3641 Words   |  15 Pages Substance Abuse and Addictions Counseling Bristina Strzelecki Liberty University Abstract Substance abuse and addictions counseling is a newer counseling field. Although it is fairly new, there is so much research and so many guidelines to help someone make it through as a substance abuse and addictions counselor. It holds a great importance and people should be aware of the severity of substance abuse and addiction. This field hasRead MoreCode Of Ethics For Substance Abuse Counseling907 Words   |  4 Pagesof deontological, consequentialist, and virtue of ethics in a professional code of ethics. It will also analyze both the advantages and disadvantages of each approach to ethical theory in the context of the workplace. Code of Ethics for Substance Abuse Counseling An appropriate code of ethics is a â€Å"form of legislation within a professional organization† which â€Å"binds it employees†, with â€Å"specific sanctions for violation† of the code of ethics set forth (Code of Ethics, 2015). It’s a â€Å"formal document†Read MoreSubstance Abuse Counseling Assessment and Intervention Plan896 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance abuse counseling assessment and intervention plan: Lisa Therapy model Substance abuse is one of the most difficult and intractable of mental illnesses to treat because it possesses both a physical and a mental component. The substances Lisa is currently abusing change her physical chemistry and cause withdrawal symptoms when they are not present in her body. Over time, they also change the way her brain experiences pleasure and pain. Lisa has ingrained behavior patterns that haveRead MoreSubstance Abuse Counseling Laws And The Aca Ethics Code1465 Words   |  6 Pages Substance abuse counseling can be a rewarding career for anyone who has a desire to help people who are battling an addiction to drugs or alcohol. A substance abuse counselor can work in hospitals, prisons, therapeutic facilities, and halfway houses. The purpose of a substance abuse counselor is to help those who have an addiction manage it. In this paper I will be discussing Texas state counseling laws and the ACA ethics code and how these two can guide my work as a substance abuse counselorRead MoreFemale Substance Abuse Counseling At The Hendry County Jail2494 Words   |  10 PagesA large number of incarcerated women report high rates of abuse, including physical, sexual, or emotional abuse (Wolff, Frueh, Shi, Schumann, 2012). This writer recently started to conduct individual substance abuse counseling to women incarcerated at the Hen dry County Jail. During the time of speaking to these women, a common factor has arisen, that is the fact that most of these women have been involved in some sort of domestic violence. Although there are women’s jail groups available throughoutRead MoreSuzy Case Study Essay866 Words   |  4 PagesStudy of Suzy Suzy presented to counseling due to symptoms associated with increasing anxiety over the past several years. She is a 27-year-old female who was referred by her primary care physician over anxiety concerns, and has admitted that she drinks in excess 3 days per week. Furthermore, Suzy also reveals that there are biological and genetic predispositions to substance abuse within her family, citing both her mother and father’s struggles with substance abuse. During the very first sessionRead MoreCulturally Adapted Family Treatment Paper1130 Words   |  5 PagesCulturally Adapted Family Treatment Paper When an individual is suffering with a substance abuse disorder it affects the entire family. One’s family must come together to help his or her loved one to overcome and achieve the necessary goals in life to sustain his or her addiction. Within this paper one will locate the integrated concepts of family structure and process, treatment outcome predictors, and basic counseling skills that are associated with African Americans. Family structure plays anRead MoreHca/250 Final Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesSubstance abuse is a very widely known public epidemic in todays society. Many people are unfortunately plagued by this issue. According to Emedicinehealth.com (2012), â€Å"People abuse substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs for varied and complicated reasons, but it is clear that our society pays a significant cost,† (para. 1). People that are affected by substance abuse includes a very different range of people. Many that abuse the substances end up having health-related problems whichRead MoreClient Information And Agreement : Helping Professionals Community Mental Health Center Essay1146 Words   |  5 PagesProfessionals Community Mental Health Center (HPCMHC) will be providing you with counseling services and I, Ben Walker am your assigned Substance Abuse Technician (SAT). In this document you will be informed about the services we provide, confidentiality (and the limitation s thereof), and my background. HPCMHC offers various services that include: substance abuse counseling, psychiatric evaluation, individual counseling, group counseling, peer support groups, and medication monitoring. All residents of PimaRead MoreScenario: Domestic Violence and Sexual Abuse Essay example866 Words   |  4 Pagesabused Janet on more than one occasion when he lived with the family during her early teen years. Janet’s problems with drugs and alcohol began as a teenager. Counseling is a process used to help another person to better handle their problems. When counseling someone you must share mutual trust, respect and understanding. Preferably, counseling is an opportunity to help people perceptively adjust to different situations and help them cope with past experiences. I selected scenario number two. The personal

The Effect of Gender Discrimination on Job Opportunities...

The Effect of Gender Discrimination on Job Opportunities available to women in the banking sector Sociology BBA III DOUBLE Major Marketing amp; Finance Section A Instructor: Group members ALI HASSAN ASIM Khawaja BADAR EJAZ HARIS NISAR NOMAN ULLAH Lahore School Of Economics Submission Date: 2012 Acknowledgement First of all, we would like to thank all mighty Allah who helped us in his mysterious ways. We were very short in time, but even then we were able to carry on our research. Our instructor Ma’am Faryal helped us in every way possible. The project would not have been possible without contribution from all the group members. The introduction was covered by Asim, the literature reviews were dealt by Mr. Ali hassan,†¦show more content†¦However, male domination is still present in the banking sector. The fact that the banking sector does include many jobs which require looks, personalities, and emotions, as well as their physical and intellectual capacities, females are more likely to get these jobs. (McDowell and Gillian, 1994) The article also discusses about the importance of banking. There has been a constant increase in the number of banks in the world with annual growth rates exceeding 7 percent in the boom years. With this increasing rate, demand for labor has also risen in the sector. Qualified professionals are hired to run these banks. That is where division of labor plays a vital role. These days nature of job has been very specific. Jobs are created for individuals on the bases of particular masculine or feminine traits. The article suggests that gender biasness is present in the sector when it comes to allotting specific jobs to the worker. Preferences are present according to the nature of the job. It is also seen that high paid jobs are mostly male dominant. This can be due to the fact that either male are more qualified or they were preferred more by the higher authorities than femaleShow MoreRelatedEssay about Sexism in American Culture 1224 Words   |  5 Pagescomplaining about what females in their lives require. Though women slowly gain economic power, the media never represents them as leaders thus reflecting American culture’s view of women. Sexism prevails in American culture and workforce, teaching sexism while deny ing its presence. Americans must shift their culture to impede sexism because it oppresses women. Media, one of the most influential reflections of culture, under represents women and displays them in stereotypical positions. Paula Lobo andRead MoreExploring Women s Career Advancement2144 Words   |  9 Pagescareer advancement in organisations: A case study of the banking sector in Cyprus Introduction Organisations nowadays are becoming more diverse through recruitment and they must respond to the pressure faced by this diverse workforce, especially the increased participation of women in the workplace (Wirth, 2001a). Conversely, organisations must take into account aspects enhancing women’s career development (Burke, 2002). Factors that help women advance in organisations have been identified but areRead MoreWomen s Role For A Management Job2171 Words   |  9 Pages leads to perceptions that she is not well suited for a management job, According to Gill and Davidson (2001), long hours, frequent travel and attendance at work-related functions are essential for mothers who seek advancement in managerial or professional jobs. These authors concluded that work and family identities were incompatible in the minds of many professionals and employers. It is however interesting to note that women and men are entitled to take time off work following childbirth knownRead MoreWome n Employment in India7222 Words   |  29 PagesGENDER DISCRIMINATION (Women employment in China and India) Sunida Singh Expo36@gmail.com 082 WE FORGET TO TAKE A PHOTO TOGETHER ^ ^ TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction3 Gender discrimination4 Global Women Employment6 Women Employment in China†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦11 Women Employment in India14 * Labor force trends amp; legislation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 * Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 * Changing Work Place†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 Successful case to promote women employment AVONRead MoreThesis on Empower Women Through Micro Credit Programmes18140 Words   |  73 Pageslocal level for women. Reports indicate that self-help programmes, often in the form of savings and credit or micro credit schemes, have succeeded in changing the lives of poor women, enhancing incomes and generating positive externalities such as increased self-esteem. This paper addresses the challenging issue of whether self-help micro credit programmes are tools for empowering poor women. Micro credit is about much more than access to money. It is about women gaining controlRead MoreExploring Structural Change in Uk Economy and Labour Market Inequality in London6203 Words   |  25 Pagesfall in the public sector. Employment in the service sector, by contrast doubled in 2000, with the fastest growth in the financial services sector (Marchington amp; Wilkinson, 2012). Overview of key factors responsible for structural change Political and economic ideology: A driving force behind the economic structural changes was the adoption of neo-liberal economics by Thatcher.  This was a significant departure from Keynesian economics, where the state ran large sectors of the economy andRead MoreHow important was Roosevelt’s New Deal in Ending the Depression?1938 Words   |  8 Pagesmany were contradictory. An example of this was the Conservation Corporation (CCC) which put 3 million men; for whom many it was their first job, to work in environmental conservation projects throughout the country (Source EE). Many were how to live independently allowing them to increase their self-esteem and confidence. However, these were temporary jobs and people were only employed for around 6 months. (Source NN) shows an interview of a man during the 1930’s, who was employed for 6 months clearingRead MoreP2P Lending in Singapore13536 Words   |  55 Pagesplatform to investors and companies without going through traditional methods of approaching banks or financial institutions due to fact that they offer higher returns. For Singapore, peer to peer lending is still considered as a new and developing sector. Singapore economy mainly consists of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME), whereby most new start-up SMEs face problems in getting loan from bank or financial institutions due to lack of goodwill. This means, peer to peer lending in SingaporeRead MoreRural - Urban Migration and Ways of Stopping the Migration3045 Words   |  13 Pagesinfrastructure, ease of mobility and access to employment and enhancement of income. Adequate investments in infrastructure, particularly transportation infrastructure, also improve rural productivity and allow access to markets, jobs and public service by both men and women. (2nd FIG Regional Conference, 2003) Rural urban linkages have several definitions, out of a desire to express the nature as clearly and concisely as possible. Thereby more recently social scientists, economists, architects andRead MoreWomen Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh: a Case Study on Boutique Business10735 Words   |  43 PagesEntrepreneurs are arguably the most important actors in our economy: the creators of new wealth and new jobs, the inventors of new products and services, and the revolutionizes of society and the economy. Yet despite their centrality, little is known about entrepreneurs: what motivates them, how they emerge, why they succeed. We know even less about who becomes an entrepreneur, and why. Women are one particularly understudied group of entrepreneurs. We know very little about female entrepreneurs

A Study On Cystic Fibrosis - 1843 Words

Cystic fibrosis, a genetic disease that limits one’s ability to breathe, affects mostly the lungs but also can have a damaging effect on the intestine, kidneys, liver, and pancreas. The name cystic fibrosis comes from the characteristic fibrosis and cysts that form within the pancreas. It is a life-threatening illness, which afflicts around 30,000 people in the United States and about 70,000 worldwide, with approximately 1,000 new cases being diagnosed each year and more than 75 percent of those people being diagnosed by the age of two. Nearly half of the cystic fibrosis population is over 18 years of age, and the life expectancy is between 37 to 50 years old. The ailment, commonly referred to as CF, is a recessive disease, so both†¦show more content†¦One such hypothesis is the heterozygote advantage. Sickle cell anemia, a similar autosomal recessive disease, illustrates this hypothesis. It has been found to protect carriers from other diseases, and it has been spec ulated that people with CF are similarly resistant to certain diseases like cholera and typhoid, which could be why the disease has prevailed for so long. Stemming from a genetic mutation with a membrane pore, or channel that helps to facilitate the transport of bicarbonate electrolytes and chloride from between the inside and the outside of the cell, cystic fibrosis and its inherent symptoms are caused by the loss of the pore channel, which results in inflammation and mucus accumulation. Dehydration of the cell surface also occurs. Normally, cells have a cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator channel that influences fluid secretion in epithelial cells. When this channel is mutated, there is a decrease in the flow of ions and water, and this results in dehydrated mucous that affects breathing. This in turn causes lethal bacterial infections by blocking ducts within the lungs. The most common mutation of the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator is F508del-CFTR. This mutation creates a misprocessed protein that rapidly degrades as it is abnormally retained in the endoplasmic reticulum compartment, therefore making it absent in the plas ma membrane

Fire Safety Case Analysis Free Essays

TO: Mike Carey – Vice President of Marketing FROM: Cristian Oana – Marketing Consultant DATE: 28/01/2001 SUBJECT: Pricing strategy of future FSI product line. Purpose and Overview Please review the following sections based on your current pricing strategy and market research as well as future recommendations. The report contains a SWOT analysis that will highlight the need for a switch in pricing strategy from the current Value Based pricing to Price leadership. We will write a custom essay sample on Fire Safety Case Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now FSI is the only manufacturer of the HERO line product having only one competitor (Guardian) which currently holds a market share of 42%. This fact underlines our company standing as an Oligopoly and allows us to lead the way in price determination. Summary of Past and Current Situations Self-contained breathing apparatus systems are worn by fire and rescue personnel in hazardous situations where smoke, poisonous gas or low levels of oxygen inhibit search and rescue operations. FSI has been the leading provider of the digital breathing apparatus system since 1990 holding a consistent price of 1485$ per unit. Almost 100% of FSI’s business is conducted with U. S. fire and rescue departments that belong to regional purchasing organizations. Contracts are one year in length with the exception of the California Region. In 2001 FSI increased the price by 5% to increase revenue. In 1995 Guardian introduced their own product line-up and managed to capture up to 42% market share. Their current cost is 1500$/unit. The challenges FSI currently faces is weather a further increase in price will keep its current market share despite competition and maximise revenues for the future. An appropriate pricing strategy must be chosen to ensure the HERO lines’ life cycle. Based on the items highlighted in bold in the following SWOT analysis, a price leadership strategy is recommended. SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS * Unique product line that uses reliable digital equipment. * Fire Safety Inc. has a very well established brand name in the domestic market * Fire Safety Inc. provides the highest quality equipment at an affordable 1560$/ unit. * Increased sales despite 5% price increase * Since Fire Safety Inc. s very successful in the domestic market it established financial resources to possibly expand to foreign markets * Current market situations indicate an Oligopolistic environment * Product is familiar to US consumers – identified need for future equipment as stated by law| WEAKNESSES * The established ten year market perception for the price of the product. * No significant product line changes or updates which the competition may take advantage of. * No pa tent protection which may yield more emerging competition in the future. * HERO – brand name is not well known outside the domestic market. Company’s variable cost per unit of $560 may be high. | OPPORTUNITIES * New standards require fire and rescue departments to convert to digital technology. * Opportunities for gaining market further share and profit maximization. * Opportunities to achieve higher level of profit * New product innovations that can be incorporated into existing product line * Opportunity to expand to other foreign markets * Extending contracts to 3 years across the US to guarantee constant sales. | THREATS * Guardian has a manufacturing cost advantage compared to FSI that resulting from sophisticated production equipment.. FSI may experience loss of market share due to only one year contracts. * Loss of profitability due to increased prices. * Difficulty in gaining market share from competitors. * Guardian is offering a very similar product at a simi lar price| Assumptions on Which the Strategy is Based a. The market will remain an oligopoly. b. FSI will remain the leader of digital breathing apparatus systems. c. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health will not change legislation regarding safety in the near future. d. Guardian may increase pricing as well due to FSI’s price increase. e. The state of limited competition will be retained for the following year. f. Proven reliability and results may capture further market share despite price increase. Pricing Strategies That Emerge From SWOT Fire Safety Inc. has a very well established brand name in the domestic market holding a leading market share of 58%. FSI estimates that the market will grow by 44% in 2002. For the past 11 years, the HERO lineup has enjoyed increased sales year to year by providing top of the line Digital Breathing Apparatus Systems. Currently, FSI is the leading manufacturer and distributor of these systems. Despite the 5% increase in price for 2001, sales have increased showing no signs of market response. Our competition has their product line set at a slightly lower price (1500$/unit) which indicates a clear weakness in an established market led by our company. Price leadership â€Å"An observation made of oligopolistic business behaviour in which one company, usually the dominant competitor among several, leads the way in determining prices, the others soon following. The context is a state of limited competition, in which a market is shared by a small number of producers or sellers. This pricing strategy is perfect for FSI, having only one competitor and a successful sales record. Summary and Request for Action A further price increase is recommended for 2002 taking into account the above highlighted facts. There is no reason to believe that FSI’s market share will drop and based on the previous year’s sales adding $3,548,625 to the bottom line it is a clear indicatio n that a Price Leadership strategy is crucial to the company’s success. In an Oligopolistic environment, it is the ideal choice. How to cite Fire Safety Case Analysis, Papers

Effective Business Communication and Planning

Question: Discuss about the Effective Business Communication and Planning. Answer: Diagnosis and reflection Effective communication is considered as one of the most vital aspects of an organization. It helps the individual concerned in appraising their performance and enhancing their ability to planning, organizing, leading and controlling the group (Knapp, Vangelisti Caughlin, 2014). Effective communication helps in performing the duties and the responsibilities associated to that individual in an efficient manner. It serves the foundation for planning, where the ideas, strategies and planning processes are very effectively highlighted and implemented. It is quite important for an individual to understand their abilities and the communication styles. As stated in the Transaction Model of Communication, individuals respond to a situation, phenomenon or environment based upon their own set of interpretations. Hence, this would state that there must be clarity in expressing views to each other. In order to analyse my own communication style, in this report I have conducted five self-assessment tests, based on effective communication capability. With the help of these communication tests, I found the incentive of acknowledging my strengths and my weaknesses about communication with others. I has give me the ability to understand the reasons for hindrances that I have faced in my past due to the lack of effective communication. The five tests that have been conducted by me could be listed as follows: Johari window model Assertive questionnaires Communication style questionnaire EQ self assessment checklist Splitzberg and Cupachs Interpersonal Communication Competence. Two American psychologists, Joseph Luft and Harry Lngham in the year 1955, have framed Johari window model (Austin Pinkleton, 2015). This model lays emphasis on the soft skills, behaviour, cooperation, empathy; inter group development and interpersonal development. The Johari window is divided into four segments, open area or the arena, blindspot, hidden area or facade, and unknown area. After taking the self assessment tests, the results for my Johari window could be seen as below: FIGURE 1:Johari window model Accroding to the figure above, my main segments to focus on are facade and unknown. Under the facade segments I am confident,friendly, independent, logical, loving and powerful. These characters in me are not known to others and hence, i must imporve my self to geth acknowledged by others. By unknown capabilities that are neirher kown to me nor to others is that I am able, accepting,adaptable, bold, brave, calm, caring, cheerful, clever, complex, sensible, sentimental, shy, sympathetic, trustworthy, warm, wise and witty (Krum, 2013). The second diagnostic tool that was preffered by me was the Assertive Qustionnaire tools test. After analysing the questionnaire of the assetive questionnaire, I got more than 5 ticks in column four. This shows that I am an assertive person. Being assertive means being able to stand up for your own or other people's rights in a calm and positive way, without being either aggressive, or passively accepting 'wrong'. I not only stand up for myself for my own risghts and felings, rather I stand for the rights of otherhs too. I acknowledge the fact of opening up my feelings to others, rather than being supressed within it. This is considereds one of the good aspects of communication. Hence, it provides me a clear veiw regarding my Intrapersonal and Interpersonal ways of communicating with others. Intrapersonal communication refers to your thoughts, feelings, emotions and internal conversations. Interpersonal communication on a very basic level refers to communication between two people. The third diagnostic tool that has been taken into consideration is the type of communication that would justify my type. The Communication Type questionnaire had been provided in this test, depending upon which the type of communication a person has would be stated. After analysing the tests, my results state that the scores that I got were as follows: Aggressive 11. Passive 8. Passive aggressive 9. Assertive 17. It is seen that one of my major attruibutes are that i am assertive in nature. I clearly and directly express my needs, desires and opinions in a way which is considerate of others.finally, in this communication style, psychologically, we end in a win, win scenario, for both sides within the communication process (Goetsch Davis, 2014). My next highest score is agressive which is quite below the points acheived for assertiveness. Hence, it could be stated that assertuveness is my communication style. The fourth diagnotsic tool that has been conducted is EQ Self Asessment Checklist. In this analysis i had to answer the questionnaires of 28 questions. After analysing my answers, the rsult that i recievd was that i am 40% dominant, 37% influential, 14% steadiness and 9% compliance. The major traits that are in me is that of being dominant in nature. This shows that i have a strong inner motivation to influence people and circumstances. I thrive on competitive situations and challenging assignments.The stresses and pressures of everyday work and life are unlikely to reduce your effectiveness and enthusiasm. Figure 2: Eq Self Asessment Checklist The results show that here are some traits and behaviours that describe people who arecomparatively highindominance. I enjoy competition and challenge. I am goal orientated and want to be recognised for their efforts. I aim high, want authority and are generally resourceful and adaptable and is usually self-sufficient and individualistic. I may lose interest in projects once the challenge has gone and they tend to be impatient and dissatisfied with minor detail. My weaknesses are that i tend to enjoy change and variety and non work life. I am quite expansive by nature and tend not to like routine and repetitive work or activities. I am quite indepndent and inhabitant in nature, where i resent ruls and regulations. I prefer to be measured by my results and am always willing to try the untried. The fifth diagnotsic tool that has been asessed by me was Spitzberg Cupachs Interpersonal Communication CompetenceSelf-Assessment Test. It has been stated that Interpersonal communication competence is the ability to demonstrate the appropriate communication in a given context. This initiates the thought of Commuication Competence. In thius asessment, I had been provdid with the questionnaire consisting of 18 questions (Fan, et al., 2015). According to the answers I had given, I scored the highest in motivation followed by knowledge and skill. I easily adapt to the changes and cognitively involve myself in conversation and demonstrate involvement through interaction behaviors like head nods, vocal cues, etc. Depending upon the above five diagnostic tests that have been undertaken by me, I havce come up to the conclusion that there are two communication issues that I persist. These two issues are that I lack steadiness and compliance in communication. These two communication issue in me has made me face variosu hindrances in the past. Without maintaining steadiness in communication, I lack the art of organziaing myself and maintaining reliability on others. While organizing a meeting in my office, due to my lack of steadiness, I was not well organized or well prepared for the meeting to be conducted. I had to take the asisstance of my colleagues to help me in the matter. This shows that inspite of being assertive and dominant in nature, I loose the ability to express myself. Another incident which took place in the past that proved my lack of compliance to me, was the time when I felt too confident on taking hasty decisions. The decisons that were taken by me had placed a risky situation in front of my group. I lost the ability to be tactful and sensible in front of others. In order to overcome such hindrances, it is quite vital for me to accomplish certain activiries and plans to imporve my lack of steadiness and compliance while communicating wirh others. This would enhance my effectiveness of taking decisons and would help in leaving an impressive mark on others. Literature review The act of passing on projected meanings from one individual to a different individual with the help of communally understood signs as well as semiotic rules is termed as communication. The basic step of communication includes the formation of communicative target as well as encoding and decoding of messages. The channel of communication can either be visual, tactile or auditory. According to Baessler et al., (2016), good communication acts as an indispensable tool that helps to accomplish productivity and maintain powerful working relationships at every levels of an organization. In order to build trust amongst workers, employees require to invest time as well as energy to deliver apparent lines of communication. On the other hand, poor communication will inevitably lead to unmotivated staff that might initiate to question their individual confidence in their capabilities. In order to improve communication skills and to have an effective communication it is important to define objec tives and expectation as well as to deliver messages clearly (Marsh, 2017). Effective communication is an imperative life skill that enables an individual to better acknowledge and connect with the people around them. Lack of effectual communication unintentionally leads to conflict as well as frustration in both personal and professional relationships. Good communication skills include non-verbal communication, stress management as well as emotional awareness. Several diagnostic tools used for self-assessment. These tools are taken as a part of an interview method as well as administration training. There is a list of completed diagnostic tools for diverse professional development programs. One of the major examples of a diagnostic is the leadership emotional intelligence structure. It prompts to provide a methodical shape to review the traits as well as competencies (Poletti et al., 2017). The consequences are valuable however; the outcome may be biased as it is based solely on the perception of the individuals. The Johari Window tool is described as a simple as well as useful tool that is used to understand and train self-awareness, personal development as well as improvement of communication. It is also referred to as a disclosure model of self-awareness and also an information processing tool. There are mostly four areas associated with Johari window (Berland, 2017). The first area deals with open area, free area and open self. The sec ond area deals with blind area, blind self as well as blind spot. The third area deals with hidden area, avoided area and faade. Lastly, the fourth area deals with unknown area or unknown self. Diagnosis is also performed with the help of Assertiveness Questionnaires that is mostly based on balance. In other words, it requires forthnight about the requirement of individuals while considering the rights and demands of others. Being assertive is not essentially easy however; it is a skill that can be learned. The development of assertiveness takes place with a good understanding about the individual. Assertiveness helps to bring out self-confidence as well as it provides may other advantages that helps to improve relationships at work. On the other hand, the self-assessment questionnaire is designed to make the participant think about several competencies of emotional intelligence as they apply to the participant. It helps to highlight self-awareness that provides the ability to identify the feeling of the individual in order to understand the customary emotional response of the individuals. Diagnosis via Spitzberg Cupachs Interpersonal Communication Competence deals with motivation that indicates the desire to approach or get rid of conversation at social circumstance (Yousefi Moghadam, 2016). It also comprises knowledge that involves the knowledge of acting. Skills on the other hand involve the behaviors that are actually performed whereas; adaptability deals with the score that refle cts the ability to change attitudes and behaviors. After conducting the reflection test, I have come across the fact that I lack in two areas that includes lack of compliance and lack of steadiness. Compliance communication illustrates the communication of rules, regulation as well as legislation that applies to role and industry of a worker. The lack of compliance will not allow to demonstrate a honest commitment to all the stakeholders. A visual compliance communication helps to deliver bite size chunks of data in order to engage formats right to devices of workers without confusing email inboxes. The lack of compliance will also hinder communication in several visual formats as a campaign and over repeated times (Schilling, 2016). The major objective for compliance communication is to discourage non-compliant behavior by pertinent workers or third parties. However, the setting up of compliance communication plan of a company is not a part of the compliance effort of the Company. Lack of steadiness will hinder the communication wit h the customers in order to enhance as well as optimize the individual crates modern. Steadiness leads to effective communication mostly during the time of crisis. Steadiness in communication also helps many companies to maintain a good collaboration with their suppliers and also leads to constant analysis of the market. It is imperative to have a good communication skill with steadiness and compliance as it helps to make favorable impression and it also helps to connect with individuals. Effective communication helps to lead to time management as well as independence decision-making. With the help of steadiness, an individual will be able to perform predictably as well as consistently and will also become a good listener. It will also lead to areas for growth that will acknowledge the efforts that contributes to growth to end result (Janin et al., 2016). Action plan Good communication acts as an indispensable tool that helps to accomplish productivity and maintain powerful working relationships at every levels of an organization. In order to build trust amongst workers, employees require to invest time as well as energy to deliver apparent lines of communication. Effective communication is an imperative life skill that enables an individual to better acknowledge and connect with the people around them. Lack of effectual communication unintentionally leads to conflict as well as frustration in both personal and professional relationships. Good communication skills include non-verbal communication, stress management as well as emotional awareness. After analysing the five diagnostic self asessment tools, i have come upto the conclusion that in order to overcome the hindrances, it is quite vital for me to accomplish certain activiries and plans to imporve my lack of steadiness and compliance while communicating wirh others. This would enhance my effectiveness of taking decisons and would help in leaving an impressive mark on others. An action plan is prepared further, that would help me imporve my abilities and enhance my activities of effective communication in future. This ction plan is spread out on a span of six months. Month Action Measurement February, 2017 Maintaining pre planned organized meetings to be conducted. Measurement must be done on the basis of help that has been taken from other. The lesser help taken is better. March, 2017 Organizing various cultural programs and social gatherings. The feedback of the gatherings from the guests would measure the performance. April, 2017 Socialising with people. Acceptance of others into their gatherings would measure this action. May, 2017 Taking decisions after a thorough research on the pros and cons. The result that is retrieved from such a research would measure the consequences. June, 2017 Involving the ideas and suggestions of others while taking any decisions. Success of the plans would measure such actions. May, 2017 Motivating others to participate in the group activities rather than being the sole developer of plans. Happiness of the group in being together. References Austin, E. W., Pinkleton, B. E. (2015).Strategic Public Relations Management: Planning and Managing Effective Communication Campaigns(Vol. 10). Routledge. Baessler, F., Weiss, C., Juenger, J., Moeltner, A. (2016). Good Communicators and Their Failure in Interprofessional Communication. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 85, 54-55. Berland, A. (2017). Using the Johari Window to explore patient and provider perspectives. International Journal of Health Governance, 22(1). Fan, S. P., Liberman, Z., Keysar, B., Kinzler, K. D. (2015). The exposure advantage: Early exposure to a multilingual environment promotes effective communication.Psychological Science,26(7), 1090-1097. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Janin, A., Barela, J. A., Dupui, P., Gross, M. T., Janin, M. (2016). Posturodynamic 6 Test: A New Scoring Method for Effective Communication of Results. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 7(01), 77. Knapp, M. L., Vangelisti, A. L., Caughlin, J. P. (2014).Interpersonal Communication Human Relationships. Pearson Higher Ed. Krum, R. (2013).Cool infographics: Effective communication with data visualization and design. John Wiley Sons. Marsh, D. R. (2017). Multi Professional Team: Coordination and Communication. In Orthogeriatrics (pp. 165-169). Springer International Publishing. Poletti, R., Aimo, A., Castiglione, V., Di Gangi, A., Iudice, G., Micalizzi, M., ... Emdin, M. (2017). Diagnostic Tools: The Easier, the Better. In The Breathless Heart (pp. 219-234). Springer International Publishing. Schilling, F. (2016). U.S. Patent No. 9,485,213. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Yousefi, F., Moghadam, N. (2016). Relationship between commitment identity and assertiveness with students sense of loneliness. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (IJHCS)? ISSN 2356-5926, 1(1), 244-260.